For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have _____ (1) from the _____ (2) to the colorful and kind of silly, have _____ (3) a wide range of results－and all sorts of followings.

Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to _____ (4) starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to _____ (5) the eating habits and digestive systems of ancient humans who lived for many _____ (6) years than people on average do today , is _____ (7) the most popular－or at least talked about－dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps _____ (8). And another one.

The question that seems to revolve _____ (9) all this diet talk is whether any of the _____ (10) weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldn't it have _____ (11) the test of time? And if we've gone this long _____ (12) a diet that has been shown to work－according to science, not simply the sellers of the fad－will one ever emerge _____ (13) actually does?

The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, who has been studying eating _____ (14), self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. _____ (15) the course of her research, largely _____ (16) at the University of Minnesota's Health and Eating Lab, Mann has _____ (17) asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same _____ (18) answers. Her findings, introduced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating _____ (19) for why dieting over the long term is actually_____ (20).

In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency", George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?

More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on", he claimed. "We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness" －protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.

Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.

But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency－permanent dependency if you can get it－supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance,－invented in 1996－is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker, who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.

George Osborne Js scheme was intended to _____.

In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency", George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?

More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on", he claimed. "We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness" －protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.

Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.

But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency－permanent dependency if you can get it－supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance,－invented in 1996－is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker, who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.

The phrase "to sign on" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means _____.

In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency", George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?

More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on", he claimed. "We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness" －protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.

Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.

But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency－permanent dependency if you can get it－supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance,－invented in 1996－is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker, who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.

What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?

In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency", George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?

More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on", he claimed. "We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness" －protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.

Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.

But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency－permanent dependency if you can get it－supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance,－invented in 1996－is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker, who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.

According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel _____.

In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency", George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?

More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on", he claimed. "We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness" －protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.

Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.

But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency－permanent dependency if you can get it－supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance,－invented in 1996－is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker, who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.

To which of the following would the author most probably agree?

Domestic violence or domestic abuse is a form of antisocial behavior which occurs when a family member, partner or ex-partner attempts to physically or psychologically dominate or harm the other. The term "intimate partner violence" (IPV) is often used synonymously, and there're many other terms.

Recent attention to domestic violence began in the women's movement as concern about wives being beaten by their husbands, and has remained a major focus of modern feminism, particularly in terms of "violence against women".

Popular emphasis has tended to be on women as the victims of domestic violence although with the rise of the men's movement, and particularly men's rights, there is now some advocacy for men as victims, although the statistics concerning the number of male victims given by them are strongly contested by many groups active in research on or working in the field of domestic violence and "violence against men".

Estimates are that only about a third of cases of domestic violence are actually reported in the US and UK. In other places where there has been less attention and less support, reported cases would be still lower.

Domestic violence occurs in all cultures, people of all races, ethnicities, and religions can be perpetrators of domestic violence. Domestic violence is perpetrated by, and on, both men and women, and occurs in same-sex and opposite-sex relationships. Awareness and documentation of domestic violence differs from country to country. According to the Centers for Disease Control, domestic violence is a serious, preventable public health problem affecting more than 32 million Americans, that is more than 10% of the U.S. population.

Domestic violence has many forms, including physical violence, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, intimidation, economic deprivation or threats of violence. There are a number of dimensions: mode (physical, psychological, sexual and/or social), frequency (one off, occasional, chronic), and severity (in terms of both psychological or physical harm and the need for treatment－transitory or permanent injury－mild, moderate, severe up to homicide).

The means used to measure domestic violence strongly influence the results found, for example, studies of reported domestic violence and extrapolations of those studies show women mostly as victims and men to be more violent, whereas the survey based Conflict Tactics Scale, tends to show men and women equally violent. The majority of studies investigated male on female domestic violence, thus information on female-on-male (or same- sex) violence tends to be less available.

According to Paragraph 2, the women's movement emerged as_____.

Domestic violence or domestic abuse is a form of antisocial behavior which occurs when a family member, partner or ex-partner attempts to physically or psychologically dominate or harm the other. The term "intimate partner violence" (IPV) is often used synonymously, and there're many other terms.

Recent attention to domestic violence began in the women's movement as concern about wives being beaten by their husbands, and has remained a major focus of modern feminism, particularly in terms of "violence against women".

Popular emphasis has tended to be on women as the victims of domestic violence although with the rise of the men's movement, and particularly men's rights, there is now some advocacy for men as victims, although the statistics concerning the number of male victims given by them are strongly contested by many groups active in research on or working in the field of domestic violence and "violence against men".

Estimates are that only about a third of cases of domestic violence are actually reported in the US and UK. In other places where there has been less attention and less support, reported cases would be still lower.

Domestic violence occurs in all cultures, people of all races, ethnicities, and religions can be perpetrators of domestic violence. Domestic violence is perpetrated by, and on, both men and women, and occurs in same-sex and opposite-sex relationships. Awareness and documentation of domestic violence differs from country to country. According to the Centers for Disease Control, domestic violence is a serious, preventable public health problem affecting more than 32 million Americans, that is more than 10% of the U.S. population.

Domestic violence has many forms, including physical violence, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, intimidation, economic deprivation or threats of violence. There are a number of dimensions: mode (physical, psychological, sexual and/or social), frequency (one off, occasional, chronic), and severity (in terms of both psychological or physical harm and the need for treatment－transitory or permanent injury－mild, moderate, severe up to homicide).

The means used to measure domestic violence strongly influence the results found, for example, studies of reported domestic violence and extrapolations of those studies show women mostly as victims and men to be more violent, whereas the survey based Conflict Tactics Scale, tends to show men and women equally violent. The majority of studies investigated male on female domestic violence, thus information on female-on-male (or same- sex) violence tends to be less available.

The number of male victims in domestic violence was controversial because_____.

Domestic violence or domestic abuse is a form of antisocial behavior which occurs when a family member, partner or ex-partner attempts to physically or psychologically dominate or harm the other. The term "intimate partner violence" (IPV) is often used synonymously, and there're many other terms.

Recent attention to domestic violence began in the women's movement as concern about wives being beaten by their husbands, and has remained a major focus of modern feminism, particularly in terms of "violence against women".

Popular emphasis has tended to be on women as the victims of domestic violence although with the rise of the men's movement, and particularly men's rights, there is now some advocacy for men as victims, although the statistics concerning the number of male victims given by them are strongly contested by many groups active in research on or working in the field of domestic violence and "violence against men".

Estimates are that only about a third of cases of domestic violence are actually reported in the US and UK. In other places where there has been less attention and less support, reported cases would be still lower.

Domestic violence occurs in all cultures, people of all races, ethnicities, and religions can be perpetrators of domestic violence. Domestic violence is perpetrated by, and on, both men and women, and occurs in same-sex and opposite-sex relationships. Awareness and documentation of domestic violence differs from country to country. According to the Centers for Disease Control, domestic violence is a serious, preventable public health problem affecting more than 32 million Americans, that is more than 10% of the U.S. population.

Domestic violence has many forms, including physical violence, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, intimidation, economic deprivation or threats of violence. There are a number of dimensions: mode (physical, psychological, sexual and/or social), frequency (one off, occasional, chronic), and severity (in terms of both psychological or physical harm and the need for treatment－transitory or permanent injury－mild, moderate, severe up to homicide).

The means used to measure domestic violence strongly influence the results found, for example, studies of reported domestic violence and extrapolations of those studies show women mostly as victims and men to be more violent, whereas the survey based Conflict Tactics Scale, tends to show men and women equally violent. The majority of studies investigated male on female domestic violence, thus information on female-on-male (or same- sex) violence tends to be less available.

The word "perpetrators" (Line 2,Paragraph 5) most probably means_____.

Domestic violence or domestic abuse is a form of antisocial behavior which occurs when a family member, partner or ex-partner attempts to physically or psychologically dominate or harm the other. The term "intimate partner violence" (IPV) is often used synonymously, and there're many other terms.

Recent attention to domestic violence began in the women's movement as concern about wives being beaten by their husbands, and has remained a major focus of modern feminism, particularly in terms of "violence against women".

Popular emphasis has tended to be on women as the victims of domestic violence although with the rise of the men's movement, and particularly men's rights, there is now some advocacy for men as victims, although the statistics concerning the number of male victims given by them are strongly contested by many groups active in research on or working in the field of domestic violence and "violence against men".

Estimates are that only about a third of cases of domestic violence are actually reported in the US and UK. In other places where there has been less attention and less support, reported cases would be still lower.

Domestic violence occurs in all cultures, people of all races, ethnicities, and religions can be perpetrators of domestic violence. Domestic violence is perpetrated by, and on, both men and women, and occurs in same-sex and opposite-sex relationships. Awareness and documentation of domestic violence differs from country to country. According to the Centers for Disease Control, domestic violence is a serious, preventable public health problem affecting more than 32 million Americans, that is more than 10% of the U.S. population.

Domestic violence has many forms, including physical violence, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, intimidation, economic deprivation or threats of violence. There are a number of dimensions: mode (physical, psychological, sexual and/or social), frequency (one off, occasional, chronic), and severity (in terms of both psychological or physical harm and the need for treatment－transitory or permanent injury－mild, moderate, severe up to homicide).

The means used to measure domestic violence strongly influence the results found, for example, studies of reported domestic violence and extrapolations of those studies show women mostly as victims and men to be more violent, whereas the survey based Conflict Tactics Scale, tends to show men and women equally violent. The majority of studies investigated male on female domestic violence, thus information on female-on-male (or same- sex) violence tends to be less available.

It is suggested in Paragraph 5 that domestic violence is_____.

Domestic violence or domestic abuse is a form of antisocial behavior which occurs when a family member, partner or ex-partner attempts to physically or psychologically dominate or harm the other. The term "intimate partner violence" (IPV) is often used synonymously, and there're many other terms.

Recent attention to domestic violence began in the women's movement as concern about wives being beaten by their husbands, and has remained a major focus of modern feminism, particularly in terms of "violence against women".

Popular emphasis has tended to be on women as the victims of domestic violence although with the rise of the men's movement, and particularly men's rights, there is now some advocacy for men as victims, although the statistics concerning the number of male victims given by them are strongly contested by many groups active in research on or working in the field of domestic violence and "violence against men".

Estimates are that only about a third of cases of domestic violence are actually reported in the US and UK. In other places where there has been less attention and less support, reported cases would be still lower.

Domestic violence occurs in all cultures, people of all races, ethnicities, and religions can be perpetrators of domestic violence. Domestic violence is perpetrated by, and on, both men and women, and occurs in same-sex and opposite-sex relationships. Awareness and documentation of domestic violence differs from country to country. According to the Centers for Disease Control, domestic violence is a serious, preventable public health problem affecting more than 32 million Americans, that is more than 10% of the U.S. population.

Domestic violence has many forms, including physical violence, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, intimidation, economic deprivation or threats of violence. There are a number of dimensions: mode (physical, psychological, sexual and/or social), frequency (one off, occasional, chronic), and severity (in terms of both psychological or physical harm and the need for treatment－transitory or permanent injury－mild, moderate, severe up to homicide).

The means used to measure domestic violence strongly influence the results found, for example, studies of reported domestic violence and extrapolations of those studies show women mostly as victims and men to be more violent, whereas the survey based Conflict Tactics Scale, tends to show men and women equally violent. The majority of studies investigated male on female domestic violence, thus information on female-on-male (or same- sex) violence tends to be less available.

The author indicates in the last paragraph that researchers should_____.

Baby boomers fretting over their pensions should spare a thought for Constance DeCherney. Like many of her generation, the 27-year-old Web strategist at Planned Parenthood in New York has done little to prepare for retirement. "Just the idea of saving for retirement feels overwhelming," she says. "My fear of doing something wrong, or not doing enough, sort of paralyzes me."

DeCherney is typical of America's so-called Generation Y, the twentysomethings who have entered the workforce in the past 10 years. Already saddled with student debts averaging almost $20,000, according to New York-based think tank Demos, Gen Y is in a tougher financial position than previous generations. The average salary for 25- to 34-year-olds, for instance, fell 19 percent over the last 30 years, after adjusting for inflation, to $35,100, Demos estimates. That's if they can get jobs: unemployment among 19- to 24-year-olds stands at 15.3 percent vs. the overall rate of 9.5 percent, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. While many of their parents have guaranteed retirement income from being in a company-funded pension for part of their careers, Gen Y is “the first do-it-yourself retirement generation,” says Catherine Collinson, president of the Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies in Los Angeles.

Investment companies are stepping up efforts to engage Gen Yers in retirement planning. Charles Schwab has revamped its website to include weekly advice for younger workers on everything from retirement planning to paying down debt. Vanguard is testing out social media, using more blogs, a Facebook page, and soon, Twitter. "It's how this younger generation learns," says Vanguard Chief Executive Officer William McNabb III. Fidelity, the nation's largest 401 (k) administrator, in June launched an iPhone app for tracking retirement savings and has replaced bulky pension literature with e-mail updates. "This generation lacks confidence about making financial decisions," says Beth McHugh, Fidelity's vice-president of market insights. "You have to explain why planning for retirement is so important."

That's presuming you can get their attention. Fewer than 4,000 Facebook users have clicked the "like" button for Fidelity's page and about 9,000 have done so for Vanguard's. Meanwhile, 4.2 million people say they like Apple iTunes on Facebook. Schwab, which began sending Twitter feeds in mid-June, has 277 followers. Whole Foods Market has 1.8 million.

Some baby boomer parents enlist the help of their financial planners in giving their kids a retirement reality check. Jim Stoops, a Schwab financial consultant in Chicago, says his 250-plus clients often bring their sons and daughters to his office for advice. "Parents just can't believe how difficult retirement will be for their children," he says. "They're trying to instill financial values in their kids."

Constance DeCherney is cited as an example to_____.

Baby boomers fretting over their pensions should spare a thought for Constance DeCherney. Like many of her generation, the 27-year-old Web strategist at Planned Parenthood in New York has done little to prepare for retirement. "Just the idea of saving for retirement feels overwhelming," she says. "My fear of doing something wrong, or not doing enough, sort of paralyzes me."

DeCherney is typical of America's so-called Generation Y, the twentysomethings who have entered the workforce in the past 10 years. Already saddled with student debts averaging almost $20,000, according to New York-based think tank Demos, Gen Y is in a tougher financial position than previous generations. The average salary for 25- to 34-year-olds, for instance, fell 19 percent over the last 30 years, after adjusting for inflation, to $35,100, Demos estimates. That's if they can get jobs: unemployment among 19- to 24-year-olds stands at 15.3 percent vs. the overall rate of 9.5 percent, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. While many of their parents have guaranteed retirement income from being in a company-funded pension for part of their careers, Gen Y is “the first do-it-yourself retirement generation,” says Catherine Collinson, president of the Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies in Los Angeles.

Investment companies are stepping up efforts to engage Gen Yers in retirement planning. Charles Schwab has revamped its website to include weekly advice for younger workers on everything from retirement planning to paying down debt. Vanguard is testing out social media, using more blogs, a Facebook page, and soon, Twitter. "It's how this younger generation learns," says Vanguard Chief Executive Officer William McNabb III. Fidelity, the nation's largest 401 (k) administrator, in June launched an iPhone app for tracking retirement savings and has replaced bulky pension literature with e-mail updates. "This generation lacks confidence about making financial decisions," says Beth McHugh, Fidelity's vice-president of market insights. "You have to explain why planning for retirement is so important."

That's presuming you can get their attention. Fewer than 4,000 Facebook users have clicked the "like" button for Fidelity's page and about 9,000 have done so for Vanguard's. Meanwhile, 4.2 million people say they like Apple iTunes on Facebook. Schwab, which began sending Twitter feeds in mid-June, has 277 followers. Whole Foods Market has 1.8 million.

Some baby boomer parents enlist the help of their financial planners in giving their kids a retirement reality check. Jim Stoops, a Schwab financial consultant in Chicago, says his 250-plus clients often bring their sons and daughters to his office for advice. "Parents just can't believe how difficult retirement will be for their children," he says. "They're trying to instill financial values in their kids."

According to Paragraph 2,Generation Y is a generation that_____.

Baby boomers fretting over their pensions should spare a thought for Constance DeCherney. Like many of her generation, the 27-year-old Web strategist at Planned Parenthood in New York has done little to prepare for retirement. "Just the idea of saving for retirement feels overwhelming," she says. "My fear of doing something wrong, or not doing enough, sort of paralyzes me."

DeCherney is typical of America's so-called Generation Y, the twentysomethings who have entered the workforce in the past 10 years. Already saddled with student debts averaging almost $20,000, according to New York-based think tank Demos, Gen Y is in a tougher financial position than previous generations. The average salary for 25- to 34-year-olds, for instance, fell 19 percent over the last 30 years, after adjusting for inflation, to $35,100, Demos estimates. That's if they can get jobs: unemployment among 19- to 24-year-olds stands at 15.3 percent vs. the overall rate of 9.5 percent, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. While many of their parents have guaranteed retirement income from being in a company-funded pension for part of their careers, Gen Y is “the first do-it-yourself retirement generation,” says Catherine Collinson, president of the Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies in Los Angeles.

Investment companies are stepping up efforts to engage Gen Yers in retirement planning. Charles Schwab has revamped its website to include weekly advice for younger workers on everything from retirement planning to paying down debt. Vanguard is testing out social media, using more blogs, a Facebook page, and soon, Twitter. "It's how this younger generation learns," says Vanguard Chief Executive Officer William McNabb III. Fidelity, the nation's largest 401 (k) administrator, in June launched an iPhone app for tracking retirement savings and has replaced bulky pension literature with e-mail updates. "This generation lacks confidence about making financial decisions," says Beth McHugh, Fidelity's vice-president of market insights. "You have to explain why planning for retirement is so important."

That's presuming you can get their attention. Fewer than 4,000 Facebook users have clicked the "like" button for Fidelity's page and about 9,000 have done so for Vanguard's. Meanwhile, 4.2 million people say they like Apple iTunes on Facebook. Schwab, which began sending Twitter feeds in mid-June, has 277 followers. Whole Foods Market has 1.8 million.

Some baby boomer parents enlist the help of their financial planners in giving their kids a retirement reality check. Jim Stoops, a Schwab financial consultant in Chicago, says his 250-plus clients often bring their sons and daughters to his office for advice. "Parents just can't believe how difficult retirement will be for their children," he says. "They're trying to instill financial values in their kids."

In Catherine Collinson's view, Gen Y_____.

Baby boomers fretting over their pensions should spare a thought for Constance DeCherney. Like many of her generation, the 27-year-old Web strategist at Planned Parenthood in New York has done little to prepare for retirement. "Just the idea of saving for retirement feels overwhelming," she says. "My fear of doing something wrong, or not doing enough, sort of paralyzes me."

DeCherney is typical of America's so-called Generation Y, the twentysomethings who have entered the workforce in the past 10 years. Already saddled with student debts averaging almost $20,000, according to New York-based think tank Demos, Gen Y is in a tougher financial position than previous generations. The average salary for 25- to 34-year-olds, for instance, fell 19 percent over the last 30 years, after adjusting for inflation, to $35,100, Demos estimates. That's if they can get jobs: unemployment among 19- to 24-year-olds stands at 15.3 percent vs. the overall rate of 9.5 percent, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. While many of their parents have guaranteed retirement income from being in a company-funded pension for part of their careers, Gen Y is “the first do-it-yourself retirement generation,” says Catherine Collinson, president of the Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies in Los Angeles.

Investment companies are stepping up efforts to engage Gen Yers in retirement planning. Charles Schwab has revamped its website to include weekly advice for younger workers on everything from retirement planning to paying down debt. Vanguard is testing out social media, using more blogs, a Facebook page, and soon, Twitter. "It's how this younger generation learns," says Vanguard Chief Executive Officer William McNabb III. Fidelity, the nation's largest 401 (k) administrator, in June launched an iPhone app for tracking retirement savings and has replaced bulky pension literature with e-mail updates. "This generation lacks confidence about making financial decisions," says Beth McHugh, Fidelity's vice-president of market insights. "You have to explain why planning for retirement is so important."

That's presuming you can get their attention. Fewer than 4,000 Facebook users have clicked the "like" button for Fidelity's page and about 9,000 have done so for Vanguard's. Meanwhile, 4.2 million people say they like Apple iTunes on Facebook. Schwab, which began sending Twitter feeds in mid-June, has 277 followers. Whole Foods Market has 1.8 million.

Some baby boomer parents enlist the help of their financial planners in giving their kids a retirement reality check. Jim Stoops, a Schwab financial consultant in Chicago, says his 250-plus clients often bring their sons and daughters to his office for advice. "Parents just can't believe how difficult retirement will be for their children," he says. "They're trying to instill financial values in their kids."

Which of the following is the measure taken by investment companies?

Baby boomers fretting over their pensions should spare a thought for Constance DeCherney. Like many of her generation, the 27-year-old Web strategist at Planned Parenthood in New York has done little to prepare for retirement. "Just the idea of saving for retirement feels overwhelming," she says. "My fear of doing something wrong, or not doing enough, sort of paralyzes me."

DeCherney is typical of America's so-called Generation Y, the twentysomethings who have entered the workforce in the past 10 years. Already saddled with student debts averaging almost $20,000, according to New York-based think tank Demos, Gen Y is in a tougher financial position than previous generations. The average salary for 25- to 34-year-olds, for instance, fell 19 percent over the last 30 years, after adjusting for inflation, to $35,100, Demos estimates. That's if they can get jobs: unemployment among 19- to 24-year-olds stands at 15.3 percent vs. the overall rate of 9.5 percent, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. While many of their parents have guaranteed retirement income from being in a company-funded pension for part of their careers, Gen Y is “the first do-it-yourself retirement generation,” says Catherine Collinson, president of the Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies in Los Angeles.

Investment companies are stepping up efforts to engage Gen Yers in retirement planning. Charles Schwab has revamped its website to include weekly advice for younger workers on everything from retirement planning to paying down debt. Vanguard is testing out social media, using more blogs, a Facebook page, and soon, Twitter. "It's how this younger generation learns," says Vanguard Chief Executive Officer William McNabb III. Fidelity, the nation's largest 401 (k) administrator, in June launched an iPhone app for tracking retirement savings and has replaced bulky pension literature with e-mail updates. "This generation lacks confidence about making financial decisions," says Beth McHugh, Fidelity's vice-president of market insights. "You have to explain why planning for retirement is so important."

That's presuming you can get their attention. Fewer than 4,000 Facebook users have clicked the "like" button for Fidelity's page and about 9,000 have done so for Vanguard's. Meanwhile, 4.2 million people say they like Apple iTunes on Facebook. Schwab, which began sending Twitter feeds in mid-June, has 277 followers. Whole Foods Market has 1.8 million.

Some baby boomer parents enlist the help of their financial planners in giving their kids a retirement reality check. Jim Stoops, a Schwab financial consultant in Chicago, says his 250-plus clients often bring their sons and daughters to his office for advice. "Parents just can't believe how difficult retirement will be for their children," he says. "They're trying to instill financial values in their kids."

The figures in Paragraph 4 imply_____.

We often attribute key characteristics to one of our parents: "He gets his athleticism from his father." " Her quickness to anger－that's all her mother. "Whether the genetics are actually pulling the strings in these cases is another story. But a growing body of research has suggested that heredity does apply to mood disorders－including depression, which afflicts more than 2.8 million adolescents in the U. S. alone－and that there is compelling evidence hereditary ties are strong between mothers and daughters.

Researchers in a new study of 35 healthy families published in The Journal of Neuroscience this week have found that the brain' s corticolimbic system, responsible for the regulation of emotion－and associated with the manifestation of depressive symptoms－is more likely to be passed down from mother to daughter than from mother to son or father to child. This finding, which supports past evidence from animal research and clinical studies on depression, could provide a better understanding of the role genetics play in mood disorders and other conditions, allowing better identification of at-risk groups and preventive measures.

"Our study's uniqueness," says lead author Fumiko Hoeft, an associate professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco," is that we ' re the first one to get the whole family and scan both parents and offspring to look at how similar their brain networks are. And we joke about inheriting stubbornness or organization－ but we've never actually seen that in human brain networks before."

Hoeft cites Dr. Seuss' s children' s book Horton Hatches the Egg－in which an elephant sits on a bird' s egg in lieu of its actual mother and a hybrid elephant-bird ends up hatching－as a cartoonish example of the inspiration for this research. The forces of both nature and nurture are at play." What's relevant is that it shows the profound influence of prenatal impact on offspring, which we often forget," Hoeft adds. "Prenatal input is considered in the most severe cases, like alcohol and smoking. But it happens in everyone. A mom being stressed has an impact on her child's outcome."

The finding is particularly relevant in light of the recommendations issued today by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, which include the screening of pregnant women and new mothers for depression. Although this recommendation is primarily a response to concerns about the role of the "nurture" side of the equation, Hoeft seeks to unravel how biology plays its part as well.

By quoting "He gets his athleticism from his father"（Para. 1), the author intends to _____.

We often attribute key characteristics to one of our parents: "He gets his athleticism from his father." " Her quickness to anger－that's all her mother. "Whether the genetics are actually pulling the strings in these cases is another story. But a growing body of research has suggested that heredity does apply to mood disorders－including depression, which afflicts more than 2.8 million adolescents in the U. S. alone－and that there is compelling evidence hereditary ties are strong between mothers and daughters.

Researchers in a new study of 35 healthy families published in The Journal of Neuroscience this week have found that the brain' s corticolimbic system, responsible for the regulation of emotion－and associated with the manifestation of depressive symptoms－is more likely to be passed down from mother to daughter than from mother to son or father to child. This finding, which supports past evidence from animal research and clinical studies on depression, could provide a better understanding of the role genetics play in mood disorders and other conditions, allowing better identification of at-risk groups and preventive measures.

"Our study's uniqueness," says lead author Fumiko Hoeft, an associate professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco," is that we ' re the first one to get the whole family and scan both parents and offspring to look at how similar their brain networks are. And we joke about inheriting stubbornness or organization－ but we've never actually seen that in human brain networks before."

Hoeft cites Dr. Seuss' s children' s book Horton Hatches the Egg－in which an elephant sits on a bird' s egg in lieu of its actual mother and a hybrid elephant-bird ends up hatching－as a cartoonish example of the inspiration for this research. The forces of both nature and nurture are at play." What's relevant is that it shows the profound influence of prenatal impact on offspring, which we often forget," Hoeft adds. "Prenatal input is considered in the most severe cases, like alcohol and smoking. But it happens in everyone. A mom being stressed has an impact on her child's outcome."

The finding is particularly relevant in light of the recommendations issued today by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, which include the screening of pregnant women and new mothers for depression. Although this recommendation is primarily a response to concerns about the role of the "nurture" side of the equation, Hoeft seeks to unravel how biology plays its part as well.

What the researchers have recently observed shows that the brain's corticolimbic System _____.

We often attribute key characteristics to one of our parents: "He gets his athleticism from his father." " Her quickness to anger－that's all her mother. "Whether the genetics are actually pulling the strings in these cases is another story. But a growing body of research has suggested that heredity does apply to mood disorders－including depression, which afflicts more than 2.8 million adolescents in the U. S. alone－and that there is compelling evidence hereditary ties are strong between mothers and daughters.

Researchers in a new study of 35 healthy families published in The Journal of Neuroscience this week have found that the brain' s corticolimbic system, responsible for the regulation of emotion－and associated with the manifestation of depressive symptoms－is more likely to be passed down from mother to daughter than from mother to son or father to child. This finding, which supports past evidence from animal research and clinical studies on depression, could provide a better understanding of the role genetics play in mood disorders and other conditions, allowing better identification of at-risk groups and preventive measures.

"Our study's uniqueness," says lead author Fumiko Hoeft, an associate professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco," is that we ' re the first one to get the whole family and scan both parents and offspring to look at how similar their brain networks are. And we joke about inheriting stubbornness or organization－ but we've never actually seen that in human brain networks before."

Hoeft cites Dr. Seuss' s children' s book Horton Hatches the Egg－in which an elephant sits on a bird' s egg in lieu of its actual mother and a hybrid elephant-bird ends up hatching－as a cartoonish example of the inspiration for this research. The forces of both nature and nurture are at play." What's relevant is that it shows the profound influence of prenatal impact on offspring, which we often forget," Hoeft adds. "Prenatal input is considered in the most severe cases, like alcohol and smoking. But it happens in everyone. A mom being stressed has an impact on her child's outcome."

The finding is particularly relevant in light of the recommendations issued today by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, which include the screening of pregnant women and new mothers for depression. Although this recommendation is primarily a response to concerns about the role of the "nurture" side of the equation, Hoeft seeks to unravel how biology plays its part as well.

The research is remarkable in that _____.

We often attribute key characteristics to one of our parents: "He gets his athleticism from his father." " Her quickness to anger－that's all her mother. "Whether the genetics are actually pulling the strings in these cases is another story. But a growing body of research has suggested that heredity does apply to mood disorders－including depression, which afflicts more than 2.8 million adolescents in the U. S. alone－and that there is compelling evidence hereditary ties are strong between mothers and daughters.

Researchers in a new study of 35 healthy families published in The Journal of Neuroscience this week have found that the brain' s corticolimbic system, responsible for the regulation of emotion－and associated with the manifestation of depressive symptoms－is more likely to be passed down from mother to daughter than from mother to son or father to child. This finding, which supports past evidence from animal research and clinical studies on depression, could provide a better understanding of the role genetics play in mood disorders and other conditions, allowing better identification of at-risk groups and preventive measures.

"Our study's uniqueness," says lead author Fumiko Hoeft, an associate professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco," is that we ' re the first one to get the whole family and scan both parents and offspring to look at how similar their brain networks are. And we joke about inheriting stubbornness or organization－ but we've never actually seen that in human brain networks before."

Hoeft cites Dr. Seuss' s children' s book Horton Hatches the Egg－in which an elephant sits on a bird' s egg in lieu of its actual mother and a hybrid elephant-bird ends up hatching－as a cartoonish example of the inspiration for this research. The forces of both nature and nurture are at play." What's relevant is that it shows the profound influence of prenatal impact on offspring, which we often forget," Hoeft adds. "Prenatal input is considered in the most severe cases, like alcohol and smoking. But it happens in everyone. A mom being stressed has an impact on her child's outcome."

The finding is particularly relevant in light of the recommendations issued today by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, which include the screening of pregnant women and new mothers for depression. Although this recommendation is primarily a response to concerns about the role of the "nurture" side of the equation, Hoeft seeks to unravel how biology plays its part as well.

Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?

We often attribute key characteristics to one of our parents: "He gets his athleticism from his father." " Her quickness to anger－that's all her mother. "Whether the genetics are actually pulling the strings in these cases is another story. But a growing body of research has suggested that heredity does apply to mood disorders－including depression, which afflicts more than 2.8 million adolescents in the U. S. alone－and that there is compelling evidence hereditary ties are strong between mothers and daughters.

Researchers in a new study of 35 healthy families published in The Journal of Neuroscience this week have found that the brain' s corticolimbic system, responsible for the regulation of emotion－and associated with the manifestation of depressive symptoms－is more likely to be passed down from mother to daughter than from mother to son or father to child. This finding, which supports past evidence from animal research and clinical studies on depression, could provide a better understanding of the role genetics play in mood disorders and other conditions, allowing better identification of at-risk groups and preventive measures.

"Our study's uniqueness," says lead author Fumiko Hoeft, an associate professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco," is that we ' re the first one to get the whole family and scan both parents and offspring to look at how similar their brain networks are. And we joke about inheriting stubbornness or organization－ but we've never actually seen that in human brain networks before."

Hoeft cites Dr. Seuss' s children' s book Horton Hatches the Egg－in which an elephant sits on a bird' s egg in lieu of its actual mother and a hybrid elephant-bird ends up hatching－as a cartoonish example of the inspiration for this research. The forces of both nature and nurture are at play." What's relevant is that it shows the profound influence of prenatal impact on offspring, which we often forget," Hoeft adds. "Prenatal input is considered in the most severe cases, like alcohol and smoking. But it happens in everyone. A mom being stressed has an impact on her child's outcome."

The finding is particularly relevant in light of the recommendations issued today by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, which include the screening of pregnant women and new mothers for depression. Although this recommendation is primarily a response to concerns about the role of the "nurture" side of the equation, Hoeft seeks to unravel how biology plays its part as well.

What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as _____.

The result has been the increasing emergence in Europe of that phenomenon well known in America as the “youth market.”(41)_____.

In Western Europe, the youth market may appropriately be said to be in its infancy. (42)_____.Some manifestations of the market, chiefly sociological, have been recorded, but it is only just beginning to be the subject of organized consumer research and promotion. Characteristics of the evolving European youth market indicate dissimilarities as well as similarities to the American youth market.

The market's basis is essentially the same－more spending power and freedom to use it in the hands of teenagers and older youth. Young consumers also make up an increasingly high proportion of the population.

(43)_____. Generally it now is difficult to tell in which direction trans-Atlantic teenage influences are flowing. Also, a pattern of conformity dominates European youth as in this country, though in Britain the object is to wear clothes that "make the wearer stand out," but also make him "in" ,such as tight trousers and precisely tailored jackets. Worship and emulation of "idols" in the entertainment field, especially the "pop" singers and other performers is pervasive. There is also the same exuberance and unpredictability in sudden fad switches. In Paris, buyers of stores catering to the youth market carefully watch what dress is being worn by a popular television teenage singer to be ready for a sudden demand for copies. In Stockholm other followers of teenage fads call the youth market "attractive but irrational."

(44)_____.In the European youth market, unlike that of the United States, it is the working youth who provides the bulk of purchasing power. On the average, the school-finishing age still tends to be 14 years. This is the maximum age to which compulsory education extends，and with Europe's industrial manpower shortage, thousands of teenage youths may soon attain incomes equal in many cases to that of their fathers.

(45)_____.In Europe, an average is about $ 5 to $ 10 a month.

Working youth, consequently, are the big spenders in the European youth market, but they also have less leisure than those staying on at school，who have less buying power.

_____.

The result has been the increasing emergence in Europe of that phenomenon well known in America as the “youth market.”(41)_____.

In Western Europe, the youth market may appropriately be said to be in its infancy. (42)_____.Some manifestations of the market, chiefly sociological, have been recorded, but it is only just beginning to be the subject of organized consumer research and promotion. Characteristics of the evolving European youth market indicate dissimilarities as well as similarities to the American youth market.

The market's basis is essentially the same－more spending power and freedom to use it in the hands of teenagers and older youth. Young consumers also make up an increasingly high proportion of the population.

(43)_____. Generally it now is difficult to tell in which direction trans-Atlantic teenage influences are flowing. Also, a pattern of conformity dominates European youth as in this country, though in Britain the object is to wear clothes that "make the wearer stand out," but also make him "in" ,such as tight trousers and precisely tailored jackets. Worship and emulation of "idols" in the entertainment field, especially the "pop" singers and other performers is pervasive. There is also the same exuberance and unpredictability in sudden fad switches. In Paris, buyers of stores catering to the youth market carefully watch what dress is being worn by a popular television teenage singer to be ready for a sudden demand for copies. In Stockholm other followers of teenage fads call the youth market "attractive but irrational."

(44)_____.In the European youth market, unlike that of the United States, it is the working youth who provides the bulk of purchasing power. On the average, the school-finishing age still tends to be 14 years. This is the maximum age to which compulsory education extends，and with Europe's industrial manpower shortage, thousands of teenage youths may soon attain incomes equal in many cases to that of their fathers.

(45)_____.In Europe, an average is about $ 5 to $ 10 a month.

Working youth, consequently, are the big spenders in the European youth market, but they also have less leisure than those staying on at school，who have less buying power.

_____.

The result has been the increasing emergence in Europe of that phenomenon well known in America as the “youth market.”(41)_____.

In Western Europe, the youth market may appropriately be said to be in its infancy. (42)_____.Some manifestations of the market, chiefly sociological, have been recorded, but it is only just beginning to be the subject of organized consumer research and promotion. Characteristics of the evolving European youth market indicate dissimilarities as well as similarities to the American youth market.

The market's basis is essentially the same－more spending power and freedom to use it in the hands of teenagers and older youth. Young consumers also make up an increasingly high proportion of the population.

(43)_____. Generally it now is difficult to tell in which direction trans-Atlantic teenage influences are flowing. Also, a pattern of conformity dominates European youth as in this country, though in Britain the object is to wear clothes that "make the wearer stand out," but also make him "in" ,such as tight trousers and precisely tailored jackets. Worship and emulation of "idols" in the entertainment field, especially the "pop" singers and other performers is pervasive. There is also the same exuberance and unpredictability in sudden fad switches. In Paris, buyers of stores catering to the youth market carefully watch what dress is being worn by a popular television teenage singer to be ready for a sudden demand for copies. In Stockholm other followers of teenage fads call the youth market "attractive but irrational."

(44)_____.In the European youth market, unlike that of the United States, it is the working youth who provides the bulk of purchasing power. On the average, the school-finishing age still tends to be 14 years. This is the maximum age to which compulsory education extends，and with Europe's industrial manpower shortage, thousands of teenage youths may soon attain incomes equal in many cases to that of their fathers.

(45)_____.In Europe, an average is about $ 5 to $ 10 a month.

Working youth, consequently, are the big spenders in the European youth market, but they also have less leisure than those staying on at school，who have less buying power.

_____.

The result has been the increasing emergence in Europe of that phenomenon well known in America as the “youth market.”(41)_____.

In Western Europe, the youth market may appropriately be said to be in its infancy. (42)_____.Some manifestations of the market, chiefly sociological, have been recorded, but it is only just beginning to be the subject of organized consumer research and promotion. Characteristics of the evolving European youth market indicate dissimilarities as well as similarities to the American youth market.

The market's basis is essentially the same－more spending power and freedom to use it in the hands of teenagers and older youth. Young consumers also make up an increasingly high proportion of the population.

(43)_____. Generally it now is difficult to tell in which direction trans-Atlantic teenage influences are flowing. Also, a pattern of conformity dominates European youth as in this country, though in Britain the object is to wear clothes that "make the wearer stand out," but also make him "in" ,such as tight trousers and precisely tailored jackets. Worship and emulation of "idols" in the entertainment field, especially the "pop" singers and other performers is pervasive. There is also the same exuberance and unpredictability in sudden fad switches. In Paris, buyers of stores catering to the youth market carefully watch what dress is being worn by a popular television teenage singer to be ready for a sudden demand for copies. In Stockholm other followers of teenage fads call the youth market "attractive but irrational."

(44)_____.In the European youth market, unlike that of the United States, it is the working youth who provides the bulk of purchasing power. On the average, the school-finishing age still tends to be 14 years. This is the maximum age to which compulsory education extends，and with Europe's industrial manpower shortage, thousands of teenage youths may soon attain incomes equal in many cases to that of their fathers.

(45)_____.In Europe, an average is about $ 5 to $ 10 a month.

Working youth, consequently, are the big spenders in the European youth market, but they also have less leisure than those staying on at school，who have less buying power.

_____.

The result has been the increasing emergence in Europe of that phenomenon well known in America as the “youth market.”(41)_____.

In Western Europe, the youth market may appropriately be said to be in its infancy. (42)_____.Some manifestations of the market, chiefly sociological, have been recorded, but it is only just beginning to be the subject of organized consumer research and promotion. Characteristics of the evolving European youth market indicate dissimilarities as well as similarities to the American youth market.

The market's basis is essentially the same－more spending power and freedom to use it in the hands of teenagers and older youth. Young consumers also make up an increasingly high proportion of the population.

(43)_____. Generally it now is difficult to tell in which direction trans-Atlantic teenage influences are flowing. Also, a pattern of conformity dominates European youth as in this country, though in Britain the object is to wear clothes that "make the wearer stand out," but also make him "in" ,such as tight trousers and precisely tailored jackets. Worship and emulation of "idols" in the entertainment field, especially the "pop" singers and other performers is pervasive. There is also the same exuberance and unpredictability in sudden fad switches. In Paris, buyers of stores catering to the youth market carefully watch what dress is being worn by a popular television teenage singer to be ready for a sudden demand for copies. In Stockholm other followers of teenage fads call the youth market "attractive but irrational."

(44)_____.In the European youth market, unlike that of the United States, it is the working youth who provides the bulk of purchasing power. On the average, the school-finishing age still tends to be 14 years. This is the maximum age to which compulsory education extends，and with Europe's industrial manpower shortage, thousands of teenage youths may soon attain incomes equal in many cases to that of their fathers.

(45)_____.In Europe, an average is about $ 5 to $ 10 a month.

Working youth, consequently, are the big spenders in the European youth market, but they also have less leisure than those staying on at school，who have less buying power.

_____.

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. (46)This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations，built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

(47)The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.

(49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15 th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.

To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists, first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. (50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.

This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations，built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. (46)This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations，built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

(47)The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.

(49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15 th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.

To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists, first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. (50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.

The United States is the product of two principal forces－the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. (46)This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations，built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

(47)The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.

(49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15 th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.

To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists, first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. (50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.

But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. (46)This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations，built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

(47)The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.

(49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15 th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.

To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists, first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. (50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.

The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15 th-and-16th-century explorations of North America.

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. (46)This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations，built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

(47)The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.

(49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15 th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.

To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists, first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. (50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.

The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber.

Directions:

The drama club in your university is recruiting new members. Write a notice of about 100 words to students in the name of the president of the club, encouraging them to join the club. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.

Do not write the address.

Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) interpret its intended meaning, and

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.