An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.It took some 75 000 lives, _____ (1) 130 000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. _____ (2) overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed_____ (3) the region, tended by international aid organizations, military_____ (4) and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set_____ (5).

Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_____ (6) of spring, the refugees will be moved again. Camps that_____ (7) health care, food and shelter for 150 000 survivors have begun to close as they were_____ (8) intended to be permanent.

For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings_____ (9) emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of_____ (10) many as 10 people have had to shelter_____ (11) a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing_____ (12) with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are_____ (13) of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start  _____ (14) again. ” But most will be returning to_____ (15) but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical_____ (16) have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers_____ (17) that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took_____ (18)

. And for the thousands of survivors, the_____ (19) will never be complete.

Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built_____ (20) the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to startagain.

Cereal for dinner is comfort food. It's a go-to for college students, anyone in the midst of a Netflix binge, and it's a savior on days when it's too cold to bother going to the store. It's the easiest meal to make: just add milk. And yet this standard snack has somehow become New York's latest food trend.

Kith Treats, the newly opened "cereal bar" in Brooklyn, is a spartan, all-white dessert cafe stuck on to the front of the high-end athletic wear and shoe store, Kith. Kith Treats presents its cereal with the same attention to detail as it does its shoes: with plenty of design flourishes. Cocoa Puffs and Frosted Flakes are sold in little silver packets. They come packaged in a shoebox, with a glass bottle of milk, that you can eat out of with a special spoon-cum-straw.

Kith Treats is the pet project of a cereal enthusiast. Ronnie Fieg, founder of Kith clothing, said he wanted to open a cereal bar because he just loves cereal. "When I was a kid, my parents wouldn't allow me to eat sugary cereals," Fieg says. "I would sneak to friends, houses to have it."

But as a first-time visitor, I couldn't immediately work out the appeal of eating such a basic food in such fashionable surroundings, so I took the cereal home and ate it later that evening in my pyjamas on the couch.

The menu at Kith has all the classics: Corn Flakes, Cheerios, Fruit Loops and Lucky Charms. Customers have a choice of five milks and 24 toppings (including marshmallows, coconut flakes and crushed Oreos). Customers can make their own box for $ 6 and choose up to two cereals ($ 7 for three) and one of the milk options—toppings are an additional 75 cents each. Customers can also try one of the Kith Treats combination specials, named after musicians, artists and pro BMX riders. I got the Bam Bam to go, which was designed by the rapper Action Bronson, priced at $ 9.25.1 also tried the Cereal Swirl, which is ice cream with crushed-up Lucky Charms and marshmallows in it ( $ 5. 50). It was delicious, like a grownup McFlurry.

Kith Treats, pricing isn't astronomical. Granted it's a lot more money than buying the cereal in the supermarket, but the same is true for most takeout options.

Even though the store has been open for less than a week, some people are, apparently, already hooked. During my visit, a man in a suit was awarded a prize for having made four purchases at Kith Treats in seven days. It seems Kith Treats' tactic to get people coming back by offering a loyalty card is working a treat.

One of Kith Treats' key concepts of dealing with cereals is focusing on_____.

Cereal for dinner is comfort food. It's a go-to for college students, anyone in the midst of a Netflix binge, and it's a savior on days when it's too cold to bother going to the store. It's the easiest meal to make: just add milk. And yet this standard snack has somehow become New York's latest food trend.

Kith Treats, the newly opened "cereal bar" in Brooklyn, is a spartan, all-white dessert cafe stuck on to the front of the high-end athletic wear and shoe store, Kith. Kith Treats presents its cereal with the same attention to detail as it does its shoes: with plenty of design flourishes. Cocoa Puffs and Frosted Flakes are sold in little silver packets. They come packaged in a shoebox, with a glass bottle of milk, that you can eat out of with a special spoon-cum-straw.

Kith Treats is the pet project of a cereal enthusiast. Ronnie Fieg, founder of Kith clothing, said he wanted to open a cereal bar because he just loves cereal. "When I was a kid, my parents wouldn't allow me to eat sugary cereals," Fieg says. "I would sneak to friends, houses to have it."

But as a first-time visitor, I couldn't immediately work out the appeal of eating such a basic food in such fashionable surroundings, so I took the cereal home and ate it later that evening in my pyjamas on the couch.

The menu at Kith has all the classics: Corn Flakes, Cheerios, Fruit Loops and Lucky Charms. Customers have a choice of five milks and 24 toppings (including marshmallows, coconut flakes and crushed Oreos). Customers can make their own box for $ 6 and choose up to two cereals ($ 7 for three) and one of the milk options—toppings are an additional 75 cents each. Customers can also try one of the Kith Treats combination specials, named after musicians, artists and pro BMX riders. I got the Bam Bam to go, which was designed by the rapper Action Bronson, priced at $ 9.25.1 also tried the Cereal Swirl, which is ice cream with crushed-up Lucky Charms and marshmallows in it ( $ 5. 50). It was delicious, like a grownup McFlurry.

Kith Treats, pricing isn't astronomical. Granted it's a lot more money than buying the cereal in the supermarket, but the same is true for most takeout options.

Even though the store has been open for less than a week, some people are, apparently, already hooked. During my visit, a man in a suit was awarded a prize for having made four purchases at Kith Treats in seven days. It seems Kith Treats' tactic to get people coming back by offering a loyalty card is working a treat.

What can we learn from the text about the founder of Kith Treats?

Cereal for dinner is comfort food. It's a go-to for college students, anyone in the midst of a Netflix binge, and it's a savior on days when it's too cold to bother going to the store. It's the easiest meal to make: just add milk. And yet this standard snack has somehow become New York's latest food trend.

Kith Treats, the newly opened "cereal bar" in Brooklyn, is a spartan, all-white dessert cafe stuck on to the front of the high-end athletic wear and shoe store, Kith. Kith Treats presents its cereal with the same attention to detail as it does its shoes: with plenty of design flourishes. Cocoa Puffs and Frosted Flakes are sold in little silver packets. They come packaged in a shoebox, with a glass bottle of milk, that you can eat out of with a special spoon-cum-straw.

Kith Treats is the pet project of a cereal enthusiast. Ronnie Fieg, founder of Kith clothing, said he wanted to open a cereal bar because he just loves cereal. "When I was a kid, my parents wouldn't allow me to eat sugary cereals," Fieg says. "I would sneak to friends, houses to have it."

But as a first-time visitor, I couldn't immediately work out the appeal of eating such a basic food in such fashionable surroundings, so I took the cereal home and ate it later that evening in my pyjamas on the couch.

The menu at Kith has all the classics: Corn Flakes, Cheerios, Fruit Loops and Lucky Charms. Customers have a choice of five milks and 24 toppings (including marshmallows, coconut flakes and crushed Oreos). Customers can make their own box for $ 6 and choose up to two cereals ($ 7 for three) and one of the milk options—toppings are an additional 75 cents each. Customers can also try one of the Kith Treats combination specials, named after musicians, artists and pro BMX riders. I got the Bam Bam to go, which was designed by the rapper Action Bronson, priced at $ 9.25.1 also tried the Cereal Swirl, which is ice cream with crushed-up Lucky Charms and marshmallows in it ( $ 5. 50). It was delicious, like a grownup McFlurry.

Kith Treats, pricing isn't astronomical. Granted it's a lot more money than buying the cereal in the supermarket, but the same is true for most takeout options.

Even though the store has been open for less than a week, some people are, apparently, already hooked. During my visit, a man in a suit was awarded a prize for having made four purchases at Kith Treats in seven days. It seems Kith Treats' tactic to get people coming back by offering a loyalty card is working a treat.

The author's attitude towards Kith Treats can be described best as “_____” when he first visited KithTreats.

Cereal for dinner is comfort food. It's a go-to for college students, anyone in the midst of a Netflix binge, and it's a savior on days when it's too cold to bother going to the store. It's the easiest meal to make: just add milk. And yet this standard snack has somehow become New York's latest food trend.

Kith Treats, the newly opened "cereal bar" in Brooklyn, is a spartan, all-white dessert cafe stuck on to the front of the high-end athletic wear and shoe store, Kith. Kith Treats presents its cereal with the same attention to detail as it does its shoes: with plenty of design flourishes. Cocoa Puffs and Frosted Flakes are sold in little silver packets. They come packaged in a shoebox, with a glass bottle of milk, that you can eat out of with a special spoon-cum-straw.

Kith Treats is the pet project of a cereal enthusiast. Ronnie Fieg, founder of Kith clothing, said he wanted to open a cereal bar because he just loves cereal. "When I was a kid, my parents wouldn't allow me to eat sugary cereals," Fieg says. "I would sneak to friends, houses to have it."

But as a first-time visitor, I couldn't immediately work out the appeal of eating such a basic food in such fashionable surroundings, so I took the cereal home and ate it later that evening in my pyjamas on the couch.

The menu at Kith has all the classics: Corn Flakes, Cheerios, Fruit Loops and Lucky Charms. Customers have a choice of five milks and 24 toppings (including marshmallows, coconut flakes and crushed Oreos). Customers can make their own box for $ 6 and choose up to two cereals ($ 7 for three) and one of the milk options—toppings are an additional 75 cents each. Customers can also try one of the Kith Treats combination specials, named after musicians, artists and pro BMX riders. I got the Bam Bam to go, which was designed by the rapper Action Bronson, priced at $ 9.25.1 also tried the Cereal Swirl, which is ice cream with crushed-up Lucky Charms and marshmallows in it ( $ 5. 50). It was delicious, like a grownup McFlurry.

Kith Treats, pricing isn't astronomical. Granted it's a lot more money than buying the cereal in the supermarket, but the same is true for most takeout options.

Even though the store has been open for less than a week, some people are, apparently, already hooked. During my visit, a man in a suit was awarded a prize for having made four purchases at Kith Treats in seven days. It seems Kith Treats' tactic to get people coming back by offering a loyalty card is working a treat.

According to Paragraph 5, which of the following is true of the food of Kith Treats?

Cereal for dinner is comfort food. It's a go-to for college students, anyone in the midst of a Netflix binge, and it's a savior on days when it's too cold to bother going to the store. It's the easiest meal to make: just add milk. And yet this standard snack has somehow become New York's latest food trend.

Kith Treats, the newly opened "cereal bar" in Brooklyn, is a spartan, all-white dessert cafe stuck on to the front of the high-end athletic wear and shoe store, Kith. Kith Treats presents its cereal with the same attention to detail as it does its shoes: with plenty of design flourishes. Cocoa Puffs and Frosted Flakes are sold in little silver packets. They come packaged in a shoebox, with a glass bottle of milk, that you can eat out of with a special spoon-cum-straw.

Kith Treats is the pet project of a cereal enthusiast. Ronnie Fieg, founder of Kith clothing, said he wanted to open a cereal bar because he just loves cereal. "When I was a kid, my parents wouldn't allow me to eat sugary cereals," Fieg says. "I would sneak to friends, houses to have it."

But as a first-time visitor, I couldn't immediately work out the appeal of eating such a basic food in such fashionable surroundings, so I took the cereal home and ate it later that evening in my pyjamas on the couch.

The menu at Kith has all the classics: Corn Flakes, Cheerios, Fruit Loops and Lucky Charms. Customers have a choice of five milks and 24 toppings (including marshmallows, coconut flakes and crushed Oreos). Customers can make their own box for $ 6 and choose up to two cereals ($ 7 for three) and one of the milk options—toppings are an additional 75 cents each. Customers can also try one of the Kith Treats combination specials, named after musicians, artists and pro BMX riders. I got the Bam Bam to go, which was designed by the rapper Action Bronson, priced at $ 9.25.1 also tried the Cereal Swirl, which is ice cream with crushed-up Lucky Charms and marshmallows in it ( $ 5. 50). It was delicious, like a grownup McFlurry.

Kith Treats, pricing isn't astronomical. Granted it's a lot more money than buying the cereal in the supermarket, but the same is true for most takeout options.

Even though the store has been open for less than a week, some people are, apparently, already hooked. During my visit, a man in a suit was awarded a prize for having made four purchases at Kith Treats in seven days. It seems Kith Treats' tactic to get people coming back by offering a loyalty card is working a treat.

Themost possible meaning of "working a treat" (Last line, Last paragraph) is_____.

Who's poor in America? That's a question hard to answer. Hard because there's no conclusive definition of poverty. Low income matters, though how low is unclear. Poverty is also a state of mind that fosters self-defeating behavior—bad work habits, family breakdowns, and addictions. Finally, poverty results from bad luck: accidents, job losses, disability.

Despite poverty's messiness, we've measured progress against it by a single statistic : the federal poverty line. By this measure, we haven't made much progress. But the apparent lack of progress is misleading for two reasons.

First, it ignores immigration. Many immigrants are poor and low-skilled. They add to the poor. From 1989 to 2007 , about three quarters of the increase in the poverty population occurred among Hispanics(西班牙裔美国人）—mostly immigrants and their children.

Second, the poor's material well-being has improved. The official poverty measure obscures this by counting only pre-tax cash income and ignoring other sources of support, including food stamps and housing subsidies. Although many poor live from hand to mouth, they've participated in rising living standards. In 2005, 91% had microwaves, 79% air-conditioning, and 48% cell phones.

The existing poverty line could be improved by adding some income sources and subtracting some expenses. Unfortunately, the administration's proposal for a "supplemental poverty measure" in 2011 goes beyond that. The new poverty number would compound public confusion. It also raises questions about whether the statistic is tailored to favor a political agenda.

The "supplemental measure" ties the poverty threshold to what the poorest third of Americans spend on food, housing, clothing, and utilities. The actual threshold will probably be higher than today's poverty line. Many Americans would find this curious: people get richer, but "poverty" stays stuck.

What produces this outcome is a different view of poverty. The present concept is an absolute one: the poverty threshold reflects the amount estimated to meet basic needs. By contrast, the new measure embraces a relative notion of poverty: people are automatically poor if they're a given distance from the top, even if their incomes are increasing.

The new indicator is a "propaganda device" to promote income redistribution by showing that poverty is stubborn or increasing. The Census Bureau has estimated statistics similar to the administration's proposal. In 2008, the traditional poverty rate was 13.2%; estimates of the new statistic range up to 17%. The new poverty statistic exceeds the old, and the gap grows larger over time.

As senator Daniel Moynihan said, the administration is defining poverty up. It's reasonable to debate how much we should aid the poor or reduce economic inequality. But the debate should not be swayed by misleading statistics that few Americans could possibly understand. Government statistics should strive for political neutrality. This one fails.

What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

Who's poor in America? That's a question hard to answer. Hard because there's no conclusive definition of poverty. Low income matters, though how low is unclear. Poverty is also a state of mind that fosters self-defeating behavior—bad work habits, family breakdowns, and addictions. Finally, poverty results from bad luck: accidents, job losses, disability.

Despite poverty's messiness, we've measured progress against it by a single statistic : the federal poverty line. By this measure, we haven't made much progress. But the apparent lack of progress is misleading for two reasons.

First, it ignores immigration. Many immigrants are poor and low-skilled. They add to the poor. From 1989 to 2007 , about three quarters of the increase in the poverty population occurred among Hispanics(西班牙裔美国人）—mostly immigrants and their children.

Second, the poor's material well-being has improved. The official poverty measure obscures this by counting only pre-tax cash income and ignoring other sources of support, including food stamps and housing subsidies. Although many poor live from hand to mouth, they've participated in rising living standards. In 2005, 91% had microwaves, 79% air-conditioning, and 48% cell phones.

The existing poverty line could be improved by adding some income sources and subtracting some expenses. Unfortunately, the administration's proposal for a "supplemental poverty measure" in 2011 goes beyond that. The new poverty number would compound public confusion. It also raises questions about whether the statistic is tailored to favor a political agenda.

The "supplemental measure" ties the poverty threshold to what the poorest third of Americans spend on food, housing, clothing, and utilities. The actual threshold will probably be higher than today's poverty line. Many Americans would find this curious: people get richer, but "poverty" stays stuck.

What produces this outcome is a different view of poverty. The present concept is an absolute one: the poverty threshold reflects the amount estimated to meet basic needs. By contrast, the new measure embraces a relative notion of poverty: people are automatically poor if they're a given distance from the top, even if their incomes are increasing.

The new indicator is a "propaganda device" to promote income redistribution by showing that poverty is stubborn or increasing. The Census Bureau has estimated statistics similar to the administration's proposal. In 2008, the traditional poverty rate was 13.2%; estimates of the new statistic range up to 17%. The new poverty statistic exceeds the old, and the gap grows larger over time.

As senator Daniel Moynihan said, the administration is defining poverty up. It's reasonable to debate how much we should aid the poor or reduce economic inequality. But the debate should not be swayed by misleading statistics that few Americans could possibly understand. Government statistics should strive for political neutrality. This one fails.

What does the author say about the poor in America?

Who's poor in America? That's a question hard to answer. Hard because there's no conclusive definition of poverty. Low income matters, though how low is unclear. Poverty is also a state of mind that fosters self-defeating behavior—bad work habits, family breakdowns, and addictions. Finally, poverty results from bad luck: accidents, job losses, disability.

Despite poverty's messiness, we've measured progress against it by a single statistic : the federal poverty line. By this measure, we haven't made much progress. But the apparent lack of progress is misleading for two reasons.

First, it ignores immigration. Many immigrants are poor and low-skilled. They add to the poor. From 1989 to 2007 , about three quarters of the increase in the poverty population occurred among Hispanics(西班牙裔美国人）—mostly immigrants and their children.

Second, the poor's material well-being has improved. The official poverty measure obscures this by counting only pre-tax cash income and ignoring other sources of support, including food stamps and housing subsidies. Although many poor live from hand to mouth, they've participated in rising living standards. In 2005, 91% had microwaves, 79% air-conditioning, and 48% cell phones.

The existing poverty line could be improved by adding some income sources and subtracting some expenses. Unfortunately, the administration's proposal for a "supplemental poverty measure" in 2011 goes beyond that. The new poverty number would compound public confusion. It also raises questions about whether the statistic is tailored to favor a political agenda.

The "supplemental measure" ties the poverty threshold to what the poorest third of Americans spend on food, housing, clothing, and utilities. The actual threshold will probably be higher than today's poverty line. Many Americans would find this curious: people get richer, but "poverty" stays stuck.

What produces this outcome is a different view of poverty. The present concept is an absolute one: the poverty threshold reflects the amount estimated to meet basic needs. By contrast, the new measure embraces a relative notion of poverty: people are automatically poor if they're a given distance from the top, even if their incomes are increasing.

The new indicator is a "propaganda device" to promote income redistribution by showing that poverty is stubborn or increasing. The Census Bureau has estimated statistics similar to the administration's proposal. In 2008, the traditional poverty rate was 13.2%; estimates of the new statistic range up to 17%. The new poverty statistic exceeds the old, and the gap grows larger over time.

As senator Daniel Moynihan said, the administration is defining poverty up. It's reasonable to debate how much we should aid the poor or reduce economic inequality. But the debate should not be swayed by misleading statistics that few Americans could possibly understand. Government statistics should strive for political neutrality. This one fails.

What does the author think of the administration's proposal for a "supplemental poverty measure"?

Who's poor in America? That's a question hard to answer. Hard because there's no conclusive definition of poverty. Low income matters, though how low is unclear. Poverty is also a state of mind that fosters self-defeating behavior—bad work habits, family breakdowns, and addictions. Finally, poverty results from bad luck: accidents, job losses, disability.

Despite poverty's messiness, we've measured progress against it by a single statistic : the federal poverty line. By this measure, we haven't made much progress. But the apparent lack of progress is misleading for two reasons.

First, it ignores immigration. Many immigrants are poor and low-skilled. They add to the poor. From 1989 to 2007 , about three quarters of the increase in the poverty population occurred among Hispanics(西班牙裔美国人）—mostly immigrants and their children.

Second, the poor's material well-being has improved. The official poverty measure obscures this by counting only pre-tax cash income and ignoring other sources of support, including food stamps and housing subsidies. Although many poor live from hand to mouth, they've participated in rising living standards. In 2005, 91% had microwaves, 79% air-conditioning, and 48% cell phones.

The existing poverty line could be improved by adding some income sources and subtracting some expenses. Unfortunately, the administration's proposal for a "supplemental poverty measure" in 2011 goes beyond that. The new poverty number would compound public confusion. It also raises questions about whether the statistic is tailored to favor a political agenda.

The "supplemental measure" ties the poverty threshold to what the poorest third of Americans spend on food, housing, clothing, and utilities. The actual threshold will probably be higher than today's poverty line. Many Americans would find this curious: people get richer, but "poverty" stays stuck.

What produces this outcome is a different view of poverty. The present concept is an absolute one: the poverty threshold reflects the amount estimated to meet basic needs. By contrast, the new measure embraces a relative notion of poverty: people are automatically poor if they're a given distance from the top, even if their incomes are increasing.

The new indicator is a "propaganda device" to promote income redistribution by showing that poverty is stubborn or increasing. The Census Bureau has estimated statistics similar to the administration's proposal. In 2008, the traditional poverty rate was 13.2%; estimates of the new statistic range up to 17%. The new poverty statistic exceeds the old, and the gap grows larger over time.

As senator Daniel Moynihan said, the administration is defining poverty up. It's reasonable to debate how much we should aid the poor or reduce economic inequality. But the debate should not be swayed by misleading statistics that few Americans could possibly understand. Government statistics should strive for political neutrality. This one fails.

What is characteristic of the new measure of poverty?

Who's poor in America? That's a question hard to answer. Hard because there's no conclusive definition of poverty. Low income matters, though how low is unclear. Poverty is also a state of mind that fosters self-defeating behavior—bad work habits, family breakdowns, and addictions. Finally, poverty results from bad luck: accidents, job losses, disability.

Despite poverty's messiness, we've measured progress against it by a single statistic : the federal poverty line. By this measure, we haven't made much progress. But the apparent lack of progress is misleading for two reasons.

First, it ignores immigration. Many immigrants are poor and low-skilled. They add to the poor. From 1989 to 2007 , about three quarters of the increase in the poverty population occurred among Hispanics(西班牙裔美国人）—mostly immigrants and their children.

Second, the poor's material well-being has improved. The official poverty measure obscures this by counting only pre-tax cash income and ignoring other sources of support, including food stamps and housing subsidies. Although many poor live from hand to mouth, they've participated in rising living standards. In 2005, 91% had microwaves, 79% air-conditioning, and 48% cell phones.

The existing poverty line could be improved by adding some income sources and subtracting some expenses. Unfortunately, the administration's proposal for a "supplemental poverty measure" in 2011 goes beyond that. The new poverty number would compound public confusion. It also raises questions about whether the statistic is tailored to favor a political agenda.

The "supplemental measure" ties the poverty threshold to what the poorest third of Americans spend on food, housing, clothing, and utilities. The actual threshold will probably be higher than today's poverty line. Many Americans would find this curious: people get richer, but "poverty" stays stuck.

What produces this outcome is a different view of poverty. The present concept is an absolute one: the poverty threshold reflects the amount estimated to meet basic needs. By contrast, the new measure embraces a relative notion of poverty: people are automatically poor if they're a given distance from the top, even if their incomes are increasing.

The new indicator is a "propaganda device" to promote income redistribution by showing that poverty is stubborn or increasing. The Census Bureau has estimated statistics similar to the administration's proposal. In 2008, the traditional poverty rate was 13.2%; estimates of the new statistic range up to 17%. The new poverty statistic exceeds the old, and the gap grows larger over time.

As senator Daniel Moynihan said, the administration is defining poverty up. It's reasonable to debate how much we should aid the poor or reduce economic inequality. But the debate should not be swayed by misleading statistics that few Americans could possibly understand. Government statistics should strive for political neutrality. This one fails.

What does the author want to say by quoting Daniel Moynihan?

The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United States has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid-1920s.

We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America's bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort of newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.

We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.

Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents, UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don't continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants, Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks—that large parts of the community may become mired (陷入)in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to(降入) segregated (隔离), substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.

We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader questions about assimilation (同化), about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, don't forever remain marginalized within these shores.

That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest wave of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.

How were immigrants viewed by U. S. Congress in early days?

The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United States has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid-1920s.

We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America's bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort of newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.

We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.

Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents, UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don't continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants, Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks—that large parts of the community may become mired (陷入)in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to(降入) segregated (隔离), substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.

We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader questions about assimilation (同化), about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, don't forever remain marginalized within these shores.

That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest wave of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.

What does the author think of the new immigrants?

The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United States has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid-1920s.

We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America's bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort of newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.

We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.

Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents, UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don't continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants, Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks—that large parts of the community may become mired (陷入)in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to(降入) segregated (隔离), substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.

We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader questions about assimilation (同化), about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, don't forever remain marginalized within these shores.

That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest wave of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.

What does Edward Telles, research say about Mexican-Americans?

The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United States has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid-1920s.

We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America's bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort of newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.

We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.

Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents, UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don't continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants, Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks—that large parts of the community may become mired (陷入)in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to(降入) segregated (隔离), substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.

We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader questions about assimilation (同化), about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, don't forever remain marginalized within these shores.

That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest wave of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.

What should be done to help the new immigrants?

The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United States has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid-1920s.

We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America's bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort of newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.

We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.

Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents, UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don't continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants, Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks—that large parts of the community may become mired (陷入)in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to(降入) segregated (隔离), substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.

We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader questions about assimilation (同化), about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, don't forever remain marginalized within these shores.

That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest wave of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.

According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is_____.

We're moving into another era, as the toxic(有毒的)effects of the bubble(泡沫)and its grave consequences spread through the financial system. Just a couple of years ago investors dreamed of 20 percent returns forever. Now surveys show that they're down to a "realistic" 8 percent to 10 percent range.

But what if the next few years turn out to be below normal expectations? Martin Barners of the Bank Credit Analyst in Montreal expects future stock returns to average just 4 percent to 6 percent. Sound impossible? After a much smaller bubble that burst in the mid-1960s Standard & Poor's 5000 stock average returned 6.9 percent a year ( with dividends reinvested) for the following 17 years. Few investors are prepared for that.

Right now denial seems to be the attitude of choice. That's typical, says Lori Lucas of Hewitt, the consulting firm. You hate to look at your investments when they're going down. Hewitt tracks 500,000 401 (k) accounts every day, and finds that savers are keeping their contributions up. But they're much less inclined to switch their money around. "It's the slot-machine (老虎机)effect," Lucas says. "People get more interested in playing when they think they've got a hot machine"—and nothing's hot today. The average investor feels overwhelmed.

Against all common sense, many savers still shut their eyes to the dangers of owning too much company stock. In big companies last year, a surprising 29 percent of employees held at least three quarters of their 402 ( k) in their own stock.

Younger employees may have no choice. You often have to wait until you're 50 or 55 before you can sell any company stock you get.

But instead of getting out when they can, old participants have been holding, too. One third of the people 60 and up chose company stock for three quarters of their plan, Hewitt reports. Are they inattentive? Loyal excessively? Sick? It's as if Lucent, Enron and Xerox never happened.

No investor should give his or her total trust to any particular company's stock. And while you're at it, think how you'd be if future stock returns—averaging good years and bad—are as poor as Barnes predicts.

If you ask me, diversified stocks remain good for the long run, with a backup in bonds. But I, too, am figuring on reduced returns. What a shame. Dear bubble, I'll never forget. It's the end of a grand affair.

The investors' judgment of the present stock returns seems to be_____.

We're moving into another era, as the toxic(有毒的)effects of the bubble(泡沫)and its grave consequences spread through the financial system. Just a couple of years ago investors dreamed of 20 percent returns forever. Now surveys show that they're down to a "realistic" 8 percent to 10 percent range.

But what if the next few years turn out to be below normal expectations? Martin Barners of the Bank Credit Analyst in Montreal expects future stock returns to average just 4 percent to 6 percent. Sound impossible? After a much smaller bubble that burst in the mid-1960s Standard & Poor's 5000 stock average returned 6.9 percent a year ( with dividends reinvested) for the following 17 years. Few investors are prepared for that.

Right now denial seems to be the attitude of choice. That's typical, says Lori Lucas of Hewitt, the consulting firm. You hate to look at your investments when they're going down. Hewitt tracks 500,000 401 (k) accounts every day, and finds that savers are keeping their contributions up. But they're much less inclined to switch their money around. "It's the slot-machine (老虎机)effect," Lucas says. "People get more interested in playing when they think they've got a hot machine"—and nothing's hot today. The average investor feels overwhelmed.

Against all common sense, many savers still shut their eyes to the dangers of owning too much company stock. In big companies last year, a surprising 29 percent of employees held at least three quarters of their 402 ( k) in their own stock.

Younger employees may have no choice. You often have to wait until you're 50 or 55 before you can sell any company stock you get.

But instead of getting out when they can, old participants have been holding, too. One third of the people 60 and up chose company stock for three quarters of their plan, Hewitt reports. Are they inattentive? Loyal excessively? Sick? It's as if Lucent, Enron and Xerox never happened.

No investor should give his or her total trust to any particular company's stock. And while you're at it, think how you'd be if future stock returns—averaging good years and bad—are as poor as Barnes predicts.

If you ask me, diversified stocks remain good for the long run, with a backup in bonds. But I, too, am figuring on reduced returns. What a shame. Dear bubble, I'll never forget. It's the end of a grand affair.

In face of the current stock market, most stock-holders_____.

We're moving into another era, as the toxic(有毒的)effects of the bubble(泡沫)and its grave consequences spread through the financial system. Just a couple of years ago investors dreamed of 20 percent returns forever. Now surveys show that they're down to a "realistic" 8 percent to 10 percent range.

But what if the next few years turn out to be below normal expectations? Martin Barners of the Bank Credit Analyst in Montreal expects future stock returns to average just 4 percent to 6 percent. Sound impossible? After a much smaller bubble that burst in the mid-1960s Standard & Poor's 5000 stock average returned 6.9 percent a year ( with dividends reinvested) for the following 17 years. Few investors are prepared for that.

Right now denial seems to be the attitude of choice. That's typical, says Lori Lucas of Hewitt, the consulting firm. You hate to look at your investments when they're going down. Hewitt tracks 500,000 401 (k) accounts every day, and finds that savers are keeping their contributions up. But they're much less inclined to switch their money around. "It's the slot-machine (老虎机)effect," Lucas says. "People get more interested in playing when they think they've got a hot machine"—and nothing's hot today. The average investor feels overwhelmed.

Against all common sense, many savers still shut their eyes to the dangers of owning too much company stock. In big companies last year, a surprising 29 percent of employees held at least three quarters of their 402 ( k) in their own stock.

Younger employees may have no choice. You often have to wait until you're 50 or 55 before you can sell any company stock you get.

But instead of getting out when they can, old participants have been holding, too. One third of the people 60 and up chose company stock for three quarters of their plan, Hewitt reports. Are they inattentive? Loyal excessively? Sick? It's as if Lucent, Enron and Xerox never happened.

No investor should give his or her total trust to any particular company's stock. And while you're at it, think how you'd be if future stock returns—averaging good years and bad—are as poor as Barnes predicts.

If you ask me, diversified stocks remain good for the long run, with a backup in bonds. But I, too, am figuring on reduced returns. What a shame. Dear bubble, I'll never forget. It's the end of a grand affair.

In the author's opinion, employees should_____.

We're moving into another era, as the toxic(有毒的)effects of the bubble(泡沫)and its grave consequences spread through the financial system. Just a couple of years ago investors dreamed of 20 percent returns forever. Now surveys show that they're down to a "realistic" 8 percent to 10 percent range.

But what if the next few years turn out to be below normal expectations? Martin Barners of the Bank Credit Analyst in Montreal expects future stock returns to average just 4 percent to 6 percent. Sound impossible? After a much smaller bubble that burst in the mid-1960s Standard & Poor's 5000 stock average returned 6.9 percent a year ( with dividends reinvested) for the following 17 years. Few investors are prepared for that.

Right now denial seems to be the attitude of choice. That's typical, says Lori Lucas of Hewitt, the consulting firm. You hate to look at your investments when they're going down. Hewitt tracks 500,000 401 (k) accounts every day, and finds that savers are keeping their contributions up. But they're much less inclined to switch their money around. "It's the slot-machine (老虎机)effect," Lucas says. "People get more interested in playing when they think they've got a hot machine"—and nothing's hot today. The average investor feels overwhelmed.

Against all common sense, many savers still shut their eyes to the dangers of owning too much company stock. In big companies last year, a surprising 29 percent of employees held at least three quarters of their 402 ( k) in their own stock.

Younger employees may have no choice. You often have to wait until you're 50 or 55 before you can sell any company stock you get.

But instead of getting out when they can, old participants have been holding, too. One third of the people 60 and up chose company stock for three quarters of their plan, Hewitt reports. Are they inattentive? Loyal excessively? Sick? It's as if Lucent, Enron and Xerox never happened.

No investor should give his or her total trust to any particular company's stock. And while you're at it, think how you'd be if future stock returns—averaging good years and bad—are as poor as Barnes predicts.

If you ask me, diversified stocks remain good for the long run, with a backup in bonds. But I, too, am figuring on reduced returns. What a shame. Dear bubble, I'll never forget. It's the end of a grand affair.

It can be inferred from the text that Lucent, Enron and Xerox are names of_____.

We're moving into another era, as the toxic(有毒的)effects of the bubble(泡沫)and its grave consequences spread through the financial system. Just a couple of years ago investors dreamed of 20 percent returns forever. Now surveys show that they're down to a "realistic" 8 percent to 10 percent range.

But what if the next few years turn out to be below normal expectations? Martin Barners of the Bank Credit Analyst in Montreal expects future stock returns to average just 4 percent to 6 percent. Sound impossible? After a much smaller bubble that burst in the mid-1960s Standard & Poor's 5000 stock average returned 6.9 percent a year ( with dividends reinvested) for the following 17 years. Few investors are prepared for that.

Right now denial seems to be the attitude of choice. That's typical, says Lori Lucas of Hewitt, the consulting firm. You hate to look at your investments when they're going down. Hewitt tracks 500,000 401 (k) accounts every day, and finds that savers are keeping their contributions up. But they're much less inclined to switch their money around. "It's the slot-machine (老虎机)effect," Lucas says. "People get more interested in playing when they think they've got a hot machine"—and nothing's hot today. The average investor feels overwhelmed.

Against all common sense, many savers still shut their eyes to the dangers of owning too much company stock. In big companies last year, a surprising 29 percent of employees held at least three quarters of their 402 ( k) in their own stock.

Younger employees may have no choice. You often have to wait until you're 50 or 55 before you can sell any company stock you get.

But instead of getting out when they can, old participants have been holding, too. One third of the people 60 and up chose company stock for three quarters of their plan, Hewitt reports. Are they inattentive? Loyal excessively? Sick? It's as if Lucent, Enron and Xerox never happened.

No investor should give his or her total trust to any particular company's stock. And while you're at it, think how you'd be if future stock returns—averaging good years and bad—are as poor as Barnes predicts.

If you ask me, diversified stocks remain good for the long run, with a backup in bonds. But I, too, am figuring on reduced returns. What a shame. Dear bubble, I'll never forget. It's the end of a grand affair.

The author's attitude towards the long-term investors' decision is_____.

Society has a curious attitude towards inventors. Their brilliance over the centuries touches all of our lives in countless ways, yet we mostly take their efforts for granted. Indeed, more often than not in Britain we describe them as weird scientists like Caractacus Potts in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. This ambivalence is a mistake; to me, they are perhaps the greatest heroes of all.

It is a great shame that so much innovation now seems to stem from nameless teams inside large corporations. The whole idea of technological progress had so much more personality in the era of giants like Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison. There are too few such inspirational figures around today to dazzle and excite. Perhaps the solitary ideas of one man are not enough to produce real technological progress in the 21st century. Yet the spirit of independent innovation springs eternal.

Flash of Genius, a movie based on an article by John Seabrook tells the true story of Bob Kearns, the professor who pioneered the intermittent windscreen wiper for cars. He showed it to the Ford Motor Company in 1969, but subsequently entered into endless litigation with it, almost reminding people of Jarndyce and Jarndyce in Charles Dickens' Bleak House. More than 20 years later, he settled for $ 10.2m, but only after his legal actions had taken over his life.

Unfortunately, it appears patent infringement and suchlike is a fact of life for inventors. Knowledge of patent law and persistence bordering on the obsessive seem useful attributes if you want to be a successful inventor.

Moreover, it is clear that some abuse the patent system to prevent progress. Too many patents are now issued, many of dubious merit－especially in the field of software patents. Patent trolls are those who file "paper patents" or "submarine patents" that they never intend to exploit, but merely use as tools to sue unwitting infringers. Both BlackBerry and Microsoft have suffered from this type of behavior, which acts as a harmful toll on endeavor.

Inventors are fundamentally motivated by a desire to see their creations become appreciated and recognized, rather than an urge to accumulate wealth. Tim Berners-Lee, the man responsible more than

any other for the initiation of the World Wide Web, is a classic example of this attitude. He is a modest academic who has resisted countless proposals to make huge fortunes from the web, in order to carry on his role as one of its supervisors.

Some inventors are almost dismissive of accountants and bankers—they say the money men do not understand the way creative minds work. Yet inventors must have a deeply practical quality; they need to think of ways to fabricate new things. They should be a combination of artist and engineer: with the vision to imagine a new device, and the ability to make it come to life.

Caractacus Potts_____.

Society has a curious attitude towards inventors. Their brilliance over the centuries touches all of our lives in countless ways, yet we mostly take their efforts for granted. Indeed, more often than not in Britain we describe them as weird scientists like Caractacus Potts in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. This ambivalence is a mistake; to me, they are perhaps the greatest heroes of all.

It is a great shame that so much innovation now seems to stem from nameless teams inside large corporations. The whole idea of technological progress had so much more personality in the era of giants like Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison. There are too few such inspirational figures around today to dazzle and excite. Perhaps the solitary ideas of one man are not enough to produce real technological progress in the 21st century. Yet the spirit of independent innovation springs eternal.

Flash of Genius, a movie based on an article by John Seabrook tells the true story of Bob Kearns, the professor who pioneered the intermittent windscreen wiper for cars. He showed it to the Ford Motor Company in 1969, but subsequently entered into endless litigation with it, almost reminding people of Jarndyce and Jarndyce in Charles Dickens' Bleak House. More than 20 years later, he settled for $ 10.2m, but only after his legal actions had taken over his life.

Unfortunately, it appears patent infringement and suchlike is a fact of life for inventors. Knowledge of patent law and persistence bordering on the obsessive seem useful attributes if you want to be a successful inventor.

Moreover, it is clear that some abuse the patent system to prevent progress. Too many patents are now issued, many of dubious merit－especially in the field of software patents. Patent trolls are those who file "paper patents" or "submarine patents" that they never intend to exploit, but merely use as tools to sue unwitting infringers. Both BlackBerry and Microsoft have suffered from this type of behavior, which acts as a harmful toll on endeavor.

Inventors are fundamentally motivated by a desire to see their creations become appreciated and recognized, rather than an urge to accumulate wealth. Tim Berners-Lee, the man responsible more than

any other for the initiation of the World Wide Web, is a classic example of this attitude. He is a modest academic who has resisted countless proposals to make huge fortunes from the web, in order to carry on his role as one of its supervisors.

Some inventors are almost dismissive of accountants and bankers—they say the money men do not understand the way creative minds work. Yet inventors must have a deeply practical quality; they need to think of ways to fabricate new things. They should be a combination of artist and engineer: with the vision to imagine a new device, and the ability to make it come to life.

Thomas Edison_____.

Society has a curious attitude towards inventors. Their brilliance over the centuries touches all of our lives in countless ways, yet we mostly take their efforts for granted. Indeed, more often than not in Britain we describe them as weird scientists like Caractacus Potts in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. This ambivalence is a mistake; to me, they are perhaps the greatest heroes of all.

It is a great shame that so much innovation now seems to stem from nameless teams inside large corporations. The whole idea of technological progress had so much more personality in the era of giants like Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison. There are too few such inspirational figures around today to dazzle and excite. Perhaps the solitary ideas of one man are not enough to produce real technological progress in the 21st century. Yet the spirit of independent innovation springs eternal.

Flash of Genius, a movie based on an article by John Seabrook tells the true story of Bob Kearns, the professor who pioneered the intermittent windscreen wiper for cars. He showed it to the Ford Motor Company in 1969, but subsequently entered into endless litigation with it, almost reminding people of Jarndyce and Jarndyce in Charles Dickens' Bleak House. More than 20 years later, he settled for $ 10.2m, but only after his legal actions had taken over his life.

Unfortunately, it appears patent infringement and suchlike is a fact of life for inventors. Knowledge of patent law and persistence bordering on the obsessive seem useful attributes if you want to be a successful inventor.

Moreover, it is clear that some abuse the patent system to prevent progress. Too many patents are now issued, many of dubious merit－especially in the field of software patents. Patent trolls are those who file "paper patents" or "submarine patents" that they never intend to exploit, but merely use as tools to sue unwitting infringers. Both BlackBerry and Microsoft have suffered from this type of behavior, which acts as a harmful toll on endeavor.

Inventors are fundamentally motivated by a desire to see their creations become appreciated and recognized, rather than an urge to accumulate wealth. Tim Berners-Lee, the man responsible more than

any other for the initiation of the World Wide Web, is a classic example of this attitude. He is a modest academic who has resisted countless proposals to make huge fortunes from the web, in order to carry on his role as one of its supervisors.

Some inventors are almost dismissive of accountants and bankers—they say the money men do not understand the way creative minds work. Yet inventors must have a deeply practical quality; they need to think of ways to fabricate new things. They should be a combination of artist and engineer: with the vision to imagine a new device, and the ability to make it come to life.

Bob Kearns_____.

Society has a curious attitude towards inventors. Their brilliance over the centuries touches all of our lives in countless ways, yet we mostly take their efforts for granted. Indeed, more often than not in Britain we describe them as weird scientists like Caractacus Potts in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. This ambivalence is a mistake; to me, they are perhaps the greatest heroes of all.

It is a great shame that so much innovation now seems to stem from nameless teams inside large corporations. The whole idea of technological progress had so much more personality in the era of giants like Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison. There are too few such inspirational figures around today to dazzle and excite. Perhaps the solitary ideas of one man are not enough to produce real technological progress in the 21st century. Yet the spirit of independent innovation springs eternal.

Flash of Genius, a movie based on an article by John Seabrook tells the true story of Bob Kearns, the professor who pioneered the intermittent windscreen wiper for cars. He showed it to the Ford Motor Company in 1969, but subsequently entered into endless litigation with it, almost reminding people of Jarndyce and Jarndyce in Charles Dickens' Bleak House. More than 20 years later, he settled for $ 10.2m, but only after his legal actions had taken over his life.

Unfortunately, it appears patent infringement and suchlike is a fact of life for inventors. Knowledge of patent law and persistence bordering on the obsessive seem useful attributes if you want to be a successful inventor.

Moreover, it is clear that some abuse the patent system to prevent progress. Too many patents are now issued, many of dubious merit－especially in the field of software patents. Patent trolls are those who file "paper patents" or "submarine patents" that they never intend to exploit, but merely use as tools to sue unwitting infringers. Both BlackBerry and Microsoft have suffered from this type of behavior, which acts as a harmful toll on endeavor.

Inventors are fundamentally motivated by a desire to see their creations become appreciated and recognized, rather than an urge to accumulate wealth. Tim Berners-Lee, the man responsible more than

any other for the initiation of the World Wide Web, is a classic example of this attitude. He is a modest academic who has resisted countless proposals to make huge fortunes from the web, in order to carry on his role as one of its supervisors.

Some inventors are almost dismissive of accountants and bankers—they say the money men do not understand the way creative minds work. Yet inventors must have a deeply practical quality; they need to think of ways to fabricate new things. They should be a combination of artist and engineer: with the vision to imagine a new device, and the ability to make it come to life.

BlackBerry_____.

Society has a curious attitude towards inventors. Their brilliance over the centuries touches all of our lives in countless ways, yet we mostly take their efforts for granted. Indeed, more often than not in Britain we describe them as weird scientists like Caractacus Potts in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. This ambivalence is a mistake; to me, they are perhaps the greatest heroes of all.

It is a great shame that so much innovation now seems to stem from nameless teams inside large corporations. The whole idea of technological progress had so much more personality in the era of giants like Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison. There are too few such inspirational figures around today to dazzle and excite. Perhaps the solitary ideas of one man are not enough to produce real technological progress in the 21st century. Yet the spirit of independent innovation springs eternal.

Flash of Genius, a movie based on an article by John Seabrook tells the true story of Bob Kearns, the professor who pioneered the intermittent windscreen wiper for cars. He showed it to the Ford Motor Company in 1969, but subsequently entered into endless litigation with it, almost reminding people of Jarndyce and Jarndyce in Charles Dickens' Bleak House. More than 20 years later, he settled for $ 10.2m, but only after his legal actions had taken over his life.

Unfortunately, it appears patent infringement and suchlike is a fact of life for inventors. Knowledge of patent law and persistence bordering on the obsessive seem useful attributes if you want to be a successful inventor.

Moreover, it is clear that some abuse the patent system to prevent progress. Too many patents are now issued, many of dubious merit－especially in the field of software patents. Patent trolls are those who file "paper patents" or "submarine patents" that they never intend to exploit, but merely use as tools to sue unwitting infringers. Both BlackBerry and Microsoft have suffered from this type of behavior, which acts as a harmful toll on endeavor.

Inventors are fundamentally motivated by a desire to see their creations become appreciated and recognized, rather than an urge to accumulate wealth. Tim Berners-Lee, the man responsible more than

any other for the initiation of the World Wide Web, is a classic example of this attitude. He is a modest academic who has resisted countless proposals to make huge fortunes from the web, in order to carry on his role as one of its supervisors.

Some inventors are almost dismissive of accountants and bankers—they say the money men do not understand the way creative minds work. Yet inventors must have a deeply practical quality; they need to think of ways to fabricate new things. They should be a combination of artist and engineer: with the vision to imagine a new device, and the ability to make it come to life.

Tim Berners-Lee_____.

Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion－a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionlessness would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, bonds among members of groups; society's economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning $ 10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $ 10, there would be no incentive to work.

Directions:

You are invited to a housewarming party at a friend's house, but you are not able to attend it for some reason. Write a letter to your friend to

1) explain your reason, and

2) make an apology.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead.

Do not write your address.

Directions:

Write an essay bassed on the following pie chart. In your writing, you should

1) describe the pie chart, and

2) state your opinions drawn from it.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.