如果说命运是那破旧的花架，只要意志坚强，它可以变得_____；如果说命运是那漆黑的夜空，只要意志坚强，它可以变得_____；如果说命运是那贫瘠的土地，只要意志坚强，它可以变得_____。
填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是（　）。

十九世纪中叶，英国发生工业革命，机械化大生产给经济带来了活力。手工制品经过了人们反复的_____，造型接近完美。传统的手工文化形成的精细、优雅风格在欧洲由来已久，粗糙的机械制品与此格格不入，即便机械化生产带来了时代的进步，但由此带来的对传统美德的_____，也为人们所不能忍受。
依次填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是（　）。

在景区门票涨价广受质疑时，有些地方把景区的门票价格听证会当_____，但景区是一种特殊的商品，不仅牵涉当地百姓的利益，还直接影响外地游客的利益。
填入横线恰当的一项是（　）。

林黛玉的破碎，在于她_____的爱情；三毛的破碎，源于她经历后一刹那的超脱和明彻；梵高的破碎，是太阳用黄金的刀子让他在光明中不断掛痛；贝多芬的破碎，则是灵性至极的黑白键撞击生命的_____乐章。

依次填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是（　）。

“刻章办证”的小广告现实生活中屡见不鲜，办证俨然成为了一个行业。正是长期以来的“以证治国”的管制思维，给人带来不便的同时也催生了_____的证件需求。
填入横线恰当的一项是（　）。

在现代市场经济中无论是中国的国有独资企业还是西方的私人独资企业都属“私公司”的范畴，而现代股份公司是“公公司”，法人所有制是新型公有制，产权变革都得朝此迈进。事实上中国国企正朝着现代股份制正确方向迈进并获公认成就，下一步的国企改革是进一步朝现代法人的股份公司的方向推进，而不是简单地模仿西方两百年前的老路和俄罗斯私有化失败的教训，机械地把国有独资变成私人独资，那是一种无知和倒退。
这段文字意在说明（　）。

儒道互补是中国士阶层的文化传统。从积极意义上讲，士阶层中的优秀分子秉持了儒家忧天下、哀民生的社会责任心，也涵养了道家亲自然、轻功利的超脱情怀；从消极意义上讲，士阶层中的平庸之辈以儒家为做官的敲门砖，以道家为归隐的安慰剂，不论是何种情形，中国士人的内心都是纠结的。在皇权至上的专制体制下，即使是优秀分子，其社会责任心也被限制在忠君意识的范围内，其超脱情怀也往往成为仕途失意时的自我安慰。这段文字主要说明了（　）。

艺术作品只有受到受众的喜爱，具有接受上的优势和强劲的市场号召力，才能成为精品，这是不言而喻的道理，然而把精品与市场反应完全对应起来，肯定是有问题的。市场有“一时”和“长久”之区别。精品是要经得起时间的检验的，要有穿越时空而愈增其审美价值从而也具有了市场价值的潜质。
这段文字意在说明（　）。

①风格的形成也意味着艺术的成熟，风格越强烈，给人的印象越深刻

②但冰冻三尺非一日之寒，风格的形成不是一件容易的事，更不能刻意设计而得

③颜柳欧赵，苏黄米蔡，风格鲜明，流传千古

④它是个人漫长的艺术探索历程，有时甚至要付出一生的精力

⑤书法有个性，能形成自己的风格，几乎是每一位书法家的追求

⑥古人云：“学书初谓未及，中则过之，后乃通会，通会之际，人书俱老。”

将以上6个句子重新排列，语序正确的是（　）。

（　）。

19　18　26　24　33　30　40 （　）。

3，5/4，7/9，（　）。

0，8，24，48，80，（　）。

某大型超市购进一批苹果，每千克的进价是1.2元，售价为5元。由于售价太高，几天过去后，还有500千克没有销售掉。于是公司决定按八折出售苹果，又过了几天，部门经理统计一下，一共售出800千克，于是将最后的苹果按3元售出。最后商店一共获利3100元。求超市一共进了多少千克苹果？（　）

四个烧杯甲、乙、丙、丁的容量比为3:4:8:10。用甲烧杯装满与水比重相同的A溶液倒入丙烧杯后，用水兑满，然后将混合的溶液倒入乙烧杯至满后，将剩下的部分倒入丁烧杯并用水将丁烧杯注满。何此时乙烧杯中A溶液的浓度是丁烧杯中的多少倍？（　）

某班对50名学生进行体检，有20人近视，12人超重，4人既近视又超重。该班有多少人既不近视又不超重？（　）

甲乙两人共同投资一件收藏品，约定好费用支出均分，利润也均分。某次甲给了乙500元用于支付专家鉴定费，结果专家只向乙收取了300元鉴定费，但乙忘记将余下的钱给甲。后收藏品以20000元的价格转手，问此时甲乙应该各拿走多少钱？（　）

某工厂原来每天生产100个零件，现在工厂要在12天内生产一批零件，只有每天多生产10%才能按时完成工作，第一天和第二天又有部分工人缺勤，每天只生产了100个，那么以后10天每天要多生产百分之几才能按时完成工作？（　）

某次数学比赛，参赛的男生中有1/12得奖，女生有8人得奖，已知共有214人参加比赛，没有得奖的男生人数比没有得奖的女生人数的两倍多8人，那么参加比赛的男生有多少人？（　）

从所给的四个选项中，选择最合适的一个填入问号处，使之呈现一定的规律性（　）。

从所给四个选项中，选择最合适的一个填入问号处，使之呈现一定的规律性。（　）

从所给的四个选项中，选择最合适的一个填入问号处，使之呈现一定的规律性。（　）

从所给的四个选项中，选择最合适的一个填入问号处，使之呈现一定的规律性（　）。

从所给的四个选项中，选择最合适的一个填入问号处，使之呈现一定的规律性（　）。

奠基者效应是指某生物种群中的少数个体因地理隔绝或其他原因，在与原种群隔离的条件下繁衍生息。虽然后代群体不断扩大，但整个种群的遗传信息均来自最初迁移的少数个体。奠基者效应造成族群遗传多样性较低，对环境适应性较差，容易被自然淘汰。
根据上述定义，下列情形是由奠基者效应造成的是（　）。

美国于1976年发生了注射疫苗导致更严重疫情的事件。在甲流盛行的时期，不少人认为，注射疫苗是一种危险行为，可是专家认为注射甲流的疫苗是一种有效地保护自己不受甲流传染的手段。
专家观点的假设前提是（　）。

中国:杭州

小王、小李、小张准备去爬山。天气预报说，今天可能下雨。围绕天气预报，三个人争论起来。
小王：“今天可能下雨，那并不排斥今天也可能不下雨，我们还是去爬山吧。”
小李：“今天可能下雨，那就表明今天要下雨，我们还是不去爬山了吧。”
小张：“今天可能下雨，只是表明今天不下雨不具有必然性，去不去爬山由你们决定。”
对天气预报的理解，三个人中（　）。

爱吃辣椒使人长寿，有研究团队查阅了50万名中国成年人的问卷数据，每一位受访者都填报了自己的健康状况、酒精摄入量、辛辣食品摄入量、摄入辣椒的主要形式，以及肉类和蔬菜的摄入量。7年后，研究人员进行了回访，发现与每周食用辛辣食品不足一次的人员相比，每周吃上一到两次的人，死亡风险就会降低10%。
以下哪项如果为真，最能质疑上述论证？（　）

与营养餐相比，音体美教育的缺失似乎显得不那么迫在眉睫，这样的逻辑并不错。然而，换一个角度的话，或许能逼视出这种逻辑的不足：与物质匮乏相比，心灵缺乏滋养，难道不是一个至少同样重要的问题？我们有理由呼吁：各种慈善努力，无论官方或民间，务请聚焦贫困地区音体美的匮乏。
从这段文字推出的错误结论是（　）。

银行卡发卡量平稳增长，北京、上海信用卡人均拥有量远高于全国平均水平。截至2013年末，全国累计发行银行卡42.14亿张，较上年末增长19.23%，增速放缓0.57个百分点。其中，借记卡累计发卡38.23亿张，较上年末增长19.36%，增速放缓0.94个百分点；信用卡累计发卡3.91亿张，较上年末增长18.03%，增速加快2.03个百分点。借记卡累计发卡量与信用卡累计发卡量之间的比例约为9.78:1，较上年末略有上升。截至2013年末，全国人均拥有银行卡3.11张，较上年末增长17.80%，其中，信用卡人均拥有0.29张，较上年末增长16.00%。北京、上海信用卡人均拥有量远高于全国平均水平，分别达到1.63张和1.30张。

银行卡交易额方面，2013年，全国共发生银行卡业务475.96亿笔，同比增长22.31%，增速放缓0.09个百分点，金额423.36万亿元，同比增长22.28%，增速加快15.38个百分点；日均13039.88万笔，金额11598.91亿元。其中，银行卡存现79.42亿笔，金额66.61万亿元，同比分别增长17.01%和15.42%；取现181.17亿笔，金额70.8万亿元，同比分别增长12.29%和15.37%；消费129.71亿笔，金额31.83万亿元，同比分别增长43.98%和52.85%；转账85.66亿笔，金额254.12万亿元，同比分别增长22.65%和23.17%。

下列对我国2013年银行卡发卡情况，描述正确的是（　）。

银行卡发卡量平稳增长，北京、上海信用卡人均拥有量远高于全国平均水平。截至2013年末，全国累计发行银行卡42.14亿张，较上年末增长19.23%，增速放缓0.57个百分点。其中，借记卡累计发卡38.23亿张，较上年末增长19.36%，增速放缓0.94个百分点；信用卡累计发卡3.91亿张，较上年末增长18.03%，增速加快2.03个百分点。借记卡累计发卡量与信用卡累计发卡量之间的比例约为9.78:1，较上年末略有上升。截至2013年末，全国人均拥有银行卡3.11张，较上年末增长17.80%，其中，信用卡人均拥有0.29张，较上年末增长16.00%。北京、上海信用卡人均拥有量远高于全国平均水平，分别达到1.63张和1.30张。

银行卡交易额方面，2013年，全国共发生银行卡业务475.96亿笔，同比增长22.31%，增速放缓0.09个百分点，金额423.36万亿元，同比增长22.28%，增速加快15.38个百分点；日均13039.88万笔，金额11598.91亿元。其中，银行卡存现79.42亿笔，金额66.61万亿元，同比分别增长17.01%和15.42%；取现181.17亿笔，金额70.8万亿元，同比分别增长12.29%和15.37%；消费129.71亿笔，金额31.83万亿元，同比分别增长43.98%和52.85%；转账85.66亿笔，金额254.12万亿元，同比分别增长22.65%和23.17%。

2013年，取现业务的金额约占银行卡业务总金额的（　）。

银行卡发卡量平稳增长，北京、上海信用卡人均拥有量远高于全国平均水平。截至2013年末，全国累计发行银行卡42.14亿张，较上年末增长19.23%，增速放缓0.57个百分点。其中，借记卡累计发卡38.23亿张，较上年末增长19.36%，增速放缓0.94个百分点；信用卡累计发卡3.91亿张，较上年末增长18.03%，增速加快2.03个百分点。借记卡累计发卡量与信用卡累计发卡量之间的比例约为9.78:1，较上年末略有上升。截至2013年末，全国人均拥有银行卡3.11张，较上年末增长17.80%，其中，信用卡人均拥有0.29张，较上年末增长16.00%。北京、上海信用卡人均拥有量远高于全国平均水平，分别达到1.63张和1.30张。

银行卡交易额方面，2013年，全国共发生银行卡业务475.96亿笔，同比增长22.31%，增速放缓0.09个百分点，金额423.36万亿元，同比增长22.28%，增速加快15.38个百分点；日均13039.88万笔，金额11598.91亿元。其中，银行卡存现79.42亿笔，金额66.61万亿元，同比分别增长17.01%和15.42%；取现181.17亿笔，金额70.8万亿元，同比分别增长12.29%和15.37%；消费129.71亿笔，金额31.83万亿元，同比分别增长43.98%和52.85%；转账85.66亿笔，金额254.12万亿元，同比分别增长22.65%和23.17%。

2012年办理银行卡业务总额约为（　）万亿元。

银行卡发卡量平稳增长，北京、上海信用卡人均拥有量远高于全国平均水平。截至2013年末，全国累计发行银行卡42.14亿张，较上年末增长19.23%，增速放缓0.57个百分点。其中，借记卡累计发卡38.23亿张，较上年末增长19.36%，增速放缓0.94个百分点；信用卡累计发卡3.91亿张，较上年末增长18.03%，增速加快2.03个百分点。借记卡累计发卡量与信用卡累计发卡量之间的比例约为9.78:1，较上年末略有上升。截至2013年末，全国人均拥有银行卡3.11张，较上年末增长17.80%，其中，信用卡人均拥有0.29张，较上年末增长16.00%。北京、上海信用卡人均拥有量远高于全国平均水平，分别达到1.63张和1.30张。

银行卡交易额方面，2013年，全国共发生银行卡业务475.96亿笔，同比增长22.31%，增速放缓0.09个百分点，金额423.36万亿元，同比增长22.28%，增速加快15.38个百分点；日均13039.88万笔，金额11598.91亿元。其中，银行卡存现79.42亿笔，金额66.61万亿元，同比分别增长17.01%和15.42%；取现181.17亿笔，金额70.8万亿元，同比分别增长12.29%和15.37%；消费129.71亿笔，金额31.83万亿元，同比分别增长43.98%和52.85%；转账85.66亿笔，金额254.12万亿元，同比分别增长22.65%和23.17%。

以下关于2013年银行卡业务的说法，正确的是（　）。
（1）每笔银行卡业务的平均金额超过1万元
（2）取现业务的笔数不到银行卡业务总数的一半
（3）消费业务的笔数比上一年度翻了一番
（4）转账业务的金额是各项银行卡业务中最髙的

银行卡发卡量平稳增长，北京、上海信用卡人均拥有量远高于全国平均水平。截至2013年末，全国累计发行银行卡42.14亿张，较上年末增长19.23%，增速放缓0.57个百分点。其中，借记卡累计发卡38.23亿张，较上年末增长19.36%，增速放缓0.94个百分点；信用卡累计发卡3.91亿张，较上年末增长18.03%，增速加快2.03个百分点。借记卡累计发卡量与信用卡累计发卡量之间的比例约为9.78:1，较上年末略有上升。截至2013年末，全国人均拥有银行卡3.11张，较上年末增长17.80%，其中，信用卡人均拥有0.29张，较上年末增长16.00%。北京、上海信用卡人均拥有量远高于全国平均水平，分别达到1.63张和1.30张。

银行卡交易额方面，2013年，全国共发生银行卡业务475.96亿笔，同比增长22.31%，增速放缓0.09个百分点，金额423.36万亿元，同比增长22.28%，增速加快15.38个百分点；日均13039.88万笔，金额11598.91亿元。其中，银行卡存现79.42亿笔，金额66.61万亿元，同比分别增长17.01%和15.42%；取现181.17亿笔，金额70.8万亿元，同比分别增长12.29%和15.37%；消费129.71亿笔，金额31.83万亿元，同比分别增长43.98%和52.85%；转账85.66亿笔，金额254.12万亿元，同比分别增长22.65%和23.17%。

2013年，在各项银行卡业务中，（　）业务金额增长幅度低于存现业务金额增长幅度。

据统计，2014年报考全国社会工作者职业水平考试的人数达20.7万人，比2013年增加近4万人，增幅为22%，可谓场面“火爆”。

2013、2014年全国社工考试报名人数涨幅前五省份

2014年与2008年相比，我国社工考试报名人数增加了约（　）。

据统计，2014年报考全国社会工作者职业水平考试的人数达20.7万人，比2013年增加近4万人，增幅为22%，可谓场面“火爆”。

2013、2014年全国社工考试报名人数涨幅前五省份

2014年与2013年相比，西藏社工考试报名人数提高了（　）。

据统计，2014年报考全国社会工作者职业水平考试的人数达20.7万人，比2013年增加近4万人，增幅为22%，可谓场面“火爆”。

2013、2014年全国社工考试报名人数涨幅前五省份

2014年，我国社工考试报名人数排在第六位的是（　）。

据统计，2014年报考全国社会工作者职业水平考试的人数达20.7万人，比2013年增加近4万人，增幅为22%，可谓场面“火爆”。

2013、2014年全国社工考试报名人数涨幅前五省份

2014年，陕西省与天津市社工考试报名人数的比例为（　）。

据统计，2014年报考全国社会工作者职业水平考试的人数达20.7万人，比2013年增加近4万人，增幅为22%，可谓场面“火爆”。

2013、2014年全国社工考试报名人数涨幅前五省份

下列说法正确的是（　）。

《银行业从业人员职业操守》所称的银行业从业人员是指在中国境内设立的（　）工作的人员。

对小微企业贷款达到一定比例的商业银行降准0.5个百分点，两次“定向降准”释放出的资金并不算多，但作用更加突出，因为这意味着，中国政府鼓励和引导有利于“调整结构”的领域。
“这意味着”中的“这”指的是（　）。

关于信用卡消费信贷特点的描述错误的是（　）。

签约的学生还可通过电子银行渠道与家长的建行账户做“亲亲账户”绑定，完成后，家长向学生转账享受建行系统内异地免手续费转账。根据以上描述，该业务是（　）。

银行代保管业务包括露封保管业务和密封保管业务，两者的主要区别在于（　）。

中国建设银行的主要经营领域包括（　）。

为进一步推进利率市场化，完善金融市场基准利率体系，指导信贷市场产品定价，2013年10月25日，（　）集中报价和发布机制正式运行。

在合同履行期限届满之前，当事人一方明确表示或者以自己的行为表明不履行合同义务的行为称为（　）。

下列关于金融工具和金融市场的说法错误的是（　）。

货币主义认为，扩张的财政政策如果没有相应的货币政策配合，就会产生（　）。

某企业原来只生产产品C，现在有A、B、C三种新产品，但因生产能力有限，只允许将新产品其中之一投入生产，已知该企业每月总固定生产成本10万元，生产新产品不会影响固定生产成本，新产品的有关数据如下表所示：

这种情况下，该企业应该生产（　）。

根据财政乘数效应原理，如果政府投资扩大、税收减少，对宏观经济会产生（　）效应。

已知某企业年末流动资产合计为800万元，非流动资产合计为1200万元，流动负债合计为400万元，非流动负债合计为400万元，则该企业年末流动比率为（　）。

“太多的货币追求太少的商品”，从而导致一般物价水平上涨，这种情形属于（　）通货膨胀。

下表统计了不同层次的管理者的工作时间分布，观察此表，以下结论错误的是（　）。

根据《国有重点金融机构监事会暂行条例》的规定，国有重点金融机构监事会每年定期检查（　）次。

职工因工作遭受事故伤害需要暂停工作接受工伤医疗，其停工留薪期一般不超过12个月，伤情严重或者情况特殊，经社区的市场劳动能力鉴定委员会确认，可以适当延长，但延长不得超过（　）个月。

从国际金融市场上曾发生过的国际债务危机、欧洲货币危机和亚洲金融危机来看，爆发危机国家的共同特点是（　）。

根据《中华人民共和国产品质量法》，下列物品中，属于“产品”的是（　）。

商业银行未经批准办理结汇、售汇或者未经批准在银行间债券市场发行、买卖金融债券的行为，由（　）责令改正。

境内机构原则上可以开立_____经常项目外汇账户，境内经常项目外汇账户的限额统一采用_____核定。（　）

在Windows中，全/半角状态转换的组合键是（　）。

下列项目中，应作为企业长期资产核算和管理的是（　）。

组织设计是指对组织结构及其（　）所进行的设计。

信息技术指的是用来扩展人的信息器官功能、协助人们进行信息处理的一类技术。下列基本信息技术中，用于扩展人的效应器官功能的是（　）。

根据《证券法》的规定，股份有限公司申请证券上市交易，应当向特定机构申请，由该机构依法审核同意，并由双方签订上市协议后方可上市，该特定机构是（　）。

金融机构在同业拆借市场交易的主要是（　）。

规模经济和规模不经济解释了（　）。

“A饮料是非可乐中最好的”，在初上市时突出其不含咖啡因的优势，这是采用了什么市场定位策略？（　）

在长期中，（　）不存在。

银行业从业人员应当遵守业务操作指引，确保客户交易的安全，做到（　）。

在对一家公司进行财务分析时，通过计算（　）得到的指标可以反映该公司的营运能力。

下列关于国际上商业票据的说法不正确的是（　）

商业银行的工作人员不得从事下列哪些行为？（　）

中国建设银行拥有（　）等多家子公司，为客户提供全面的金融服务。

2013年11月12日，中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第三次全体会议通过中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定，这些决定包括（　）。

决定预算线变动的因素主要包括（　）。

政府失灵的常见表现为（　）。

法律在代理上的援助范围包括（　）。

需求的构成要素有（　）。

一般性货币政策工具包括（　）。

广义的货币供应量（M₂）包括（　）。

国内银行的（　）存款种类只要不超过中国人民银行同期限档次的存款利率上限，计结息规则由各银行自己把握。

下列属于企业经营风险的有（　）。

老徐准备出国旅游，他去银行兑换一些美元。银行工作人员告诉他，1美元兑换7.73元人民币，下列说法正确的有（　）。

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.

Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses, convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St.Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St.Peter. "On, that's God," came the reply," but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."

If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will re-sent an outsider making disrespect remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.

If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.

Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

To make your humor work, you should_____.

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.

Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses, convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St.Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St.Peter. "On, that's God," came the reply," but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."

If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will re-sent an outsider making disrespect remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.

If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.

Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are_____.

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.

Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses, convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St.Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St.Peter. "On, that's God," came the reply," but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."

If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will re-sent an outsider making disrespect remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.

If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.

Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

It can be inferred from the text that public services_____.

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.

Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses, convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St.Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St.Peter. "On, that's God," came the reply," but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."

If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will re-sent an outsider making disrespect remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.

If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.

Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered_____.

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.

Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses, convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St.Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St.Peter. "On, that's God," came the reply," but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."

If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will re-sent an outsider making disrespect remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.

If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.

Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

The tone of the author is_____.

It used to be so straightforward． A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors' names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.

No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD） was just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.

The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.

This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report's authors. This is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author （or his employer） to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.

In the first paragraph, the author discusses（　）.

It used to be so straightforward． A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors' names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.

No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD） was just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.

The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.

This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report's authors. This is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author （or his employer） to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.

Which of the following is true of the OECD report?（　）

It used to be so straightforward． A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors' names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.

No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD） was just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.

The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.

This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report's authors. This is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author （or his employer） to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.

According to the text, online publication is significant in that（　）.

It used to be so straightforward． A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors' names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.

No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD） was just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.

The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.

This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report's authors. This is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author （or his employer） to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.

With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to（　）.

It used to be so straightforward． A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors' names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.

No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD） was just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.

The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.

This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report's authors. This is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author （or his employer） to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.

Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?（　）

When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.

I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive Americans are and how they dislike the description "old". I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.

In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience.

However, in the United States, people think "growing old" is a problem since "old" shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didn't want to hear.

After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I don't respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I don't show my feelings through words.

By Jack

Jack brought the couple their food very fast because_____.

When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.

I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive Americans are and how they dislike the description "old". I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.

In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience.

However, in the United States, people think "growing old" is a problem since "old" shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didn't want to hear.

After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I don't respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I don't show my feelings through words.

By Jack

When Jack called the couple "elderly", they became_____.

When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.

I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive Americans are and how they dislike the description "old". I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.

In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience.

However, in the United States, people think "growing old" is a problem since "old" shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didn't want to hear.

After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I don't respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I don't show my feelings through words.

By Jack

In Jack's hometown,_____.

When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.

I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive Americans are and how they dislike the description "old". I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.

In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience.

However, in the United States, people think "growing old" is a problem since "old" shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didn't want to hear.

After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I don't respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I don't show my feelings through words.

By Jack

After this experience, Jack_____.

When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.

I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive Americans are and how they dislike the description "old". I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.

In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience.

However, in the United States, people think "growing old" is a problem since "old" shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didn't want to hear.

After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I don't respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I don't show my feelings through words.

By Jack

Which of the following is TRUE?（　）