考据文化的本质是不能把想象当做事实，不可把_____当做结论，必须凭证据说话，进行符合逻辑的分析。训诂、考证中研究“治学严谨”，其实是逻辑严谨。中国数学教育能够很顺利地接受西方的公理化的逻辑演绎思想，今日中国数学教育能够以逻辑推断见长，是和考据文化的_____分不开的。当然，数学的逻辑要求，较之考据的要求还要高。

依次填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是（　）。

餐厅经理表示，五一期间，到后海游玩的市民和外地游客挺多。昨天餐厅从11点开始就一直处于“客满”状态，前来购买外意的市民更是_____，这让店里每天下午都难以打烊，出现了就餐人群从午饭时间一直_____到晚饭时间的火爆场面。

依次填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是（　）

德国则是工匠精神的传统使然。现代工厂之前是作坊，而作坊之前是工匠。工匠精神是德国制造的精髓。譬如，做鞋的工匠，他会在鞋上钉一个本家族的姓氏标牌，_____就是最早的品牌意识。过硬的产品质量象征着家族的荣誉，容不得_____马虎。

依次填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是（　）。

随着大数据应用、互联网金融和电子商务的快速发展，金融生态和金融格局都在发生着深刻的变革，银行业务日趋跨界。商业银行纷纷推出自己的电子商务平台，如建设银行的“善融商务”。通过这些跨界业务，银行的数据获取渠道更为丰富，对客户行为习惯的掌握更为全面。以“善融商务”为例：部分客户经常通过“善融商务”购买电子产品，通过数据分析，建设银行就可以针对这些客户精准营销信用卡分期融资产品。同时，可通过数据分析建立优质商户档案，对信誉好的商户营销融资产品等；还可以通过商户上下游关系，扩展上下游关系数据。

最适合作为以上文字标题的一项是（　）。

一位经济学家在一次讲座中谈到“诚信”：中国学生去国外留学，常常需要一位教授写推荐信。20世纪80年代，只要签字，对方学校即认可；90年代早期签字之外还要盖私章才可；90年代后期推荐书更复杂了，除签字、盖章外，还要加盖院系或学校骑缝章，人家才买账；到了21世纪，外国大学在收到推荐信之后，达要发一封回函，让推荐教授来确认。我们常常抱怨外国人办事程序复杂。其实，很多麻烦是咱们自己造成的。

这段话最贴切的标题是（　）。

莫高窟是古代先民聪明智慧的结晶，莫高窟选址在戈壁荒漠的绿洲之中，体现了佛教与世俗隔离、与自然融合的思想。洞窟依山面水，河水滋润着莫高窟周围的绿树，形成了独特的清幽风光。莫高窟呈蜂窝状排列的洞窟最高处不超过40米。冬季，从西边刮来的风沙经窟顶而过，吹不到洞窟；夏季，对面的三危山又成了天然屏障，使东边刮来的风沙无法威胁到洞窟。这样，莫高窟便成了干燥区域里一个最安全的地带。正因如此，莫高窟虽经千年，仍完好保存了11个朝代的492个洞窟及大量的壁画和雕塑，为世界留下了珍贵的文化艺术遗产。

这段文字主要说明了（　）。

正像《简·爱》初版内封上所标明的那样，它是一部“自传”，或者更准确些说，是一部自传成分很浓的小说。尽管作者有时也否认女主人公就是她，可是大量的证据说明，书中的故事虽然是虚构的，但包括女主人公在内的许多人物的生活，以及他们活动的环境、气氛，甚至许多的生活细节，都无可怀疑是取自作者及其周围的人的真实经历。顺便说说，历来采用第一人称叙述方的小说并不少见，但《简·爱》这部小说如果不采用第一人称来写，就很难想象它能取得这样强烈的效果。中国古代文人就主张文章要以血泪写成，近代的文学家虽然说法不同，但承认对生活的真切体验是一部好作品的最基本条件之一。《简·爱》之所以获得如此巨大的成功，恐怕首先得归因于此。

上述这段文字要强调的主旨是（　）

虽然各种环境保护政策已经出台，并做了广泛的宣传，但依然有很多偏远地方的生态环境破坏严重。要么是水土流失严重，要么是污染物遍地，与国家所提倡的生态文明发展主题大相径庭，人与自然之间的关系显得极不和谐。由于国家直接监管的力量有限，无法延伸至这些地方，图书、电视、网络等便成了号召的手段，因此广大群众对环境政策的响应与自觉性显得更为重要。

这段文字的主旨是（　）。

一步领先，步步领先。随着人与物之间连结的增加，连结的作用快速地倍增，人们取得的成功将不再是自我限制的，而是自我供给的。简单的解释是：胜利连着胜利。这恰恰是颠覆了传统经济学里“边际收益递减”的概念；而互联网的最大经济学优势之一，就是“边际收益递增”。

下列说法最能概括这段文字大意的是（　）。

（1）原来是一棵虬枝漫卷的大树，岁月在它身上铭刻下道道斑痕，在阳光的映射下，片片鳞片竟然发出墨绿的暗光

（2）难掩激动的心情，我在如梦似幻中渐行，伴随着莺啼鸟啭一路向前。峰回路转，曲曲弯弯，不时接受着大幕山馈赠的惊喜

（3）我担心地问自己，这是在哪里啊，我莫非是在神仙一笔挥就的画卷里徐徐而行吗

（4）这份独尊的神采，令我顶礼膜拜，它仿佛已得道成仙，历经上百年岁月的打磨，沧海桑田，演变成守望大山的精灵，也是大幕山一个不朽的传说

（5）刚到大幕山下，远远望去，层层叠叠、灿若云霞的杜鹃花在清风中摇曳生姿，映红了大幕山那寂静的山谷和山峦。宛如天上火红的霞光抖落下来，立刻醉了大山、青松、怪石，也让我有些迷醉了。

（6）嚯！前方好似有巨蟒拦路？它身子扭曲缠绕在一起，张牙舞爪，仿欲直飞云霄，却被大山紧紧抱住双脚

将以上6个句子重新排列，语序正确的是（　）。

3，10，31，94，（　），850

15，13，2，11，-9，（　）。

-3，12，25/3，42/5，（　）。

（1×2×3＋2×4×6＋……＋100×200×300）/（2×3×4＋4×6×8……＋200×300×400）的值为（　）。

某学院举行“抗战胜利70周年”知识抢答赛，总共50道抢答题。比赛规定：答对1题得3分，答错1题扣1分，不抢答得0分。王同学在比赛中抢答了25道题，要使最后得分不少于65分，则王同学至少要答对（　）道题。

小明买了7本书共花去100元，后发现有一本书质量有问题，故补了若干元换了另外一本书。回来后发现，退换后7本书的价格成等差数列且均为整数元，而最贵的书价格为26元，问最便宜的书多少钱？（　）

某单位组织参加理论学习的党员和入党积极分子进行分组讨论，如果每组分配7名党员和3名入党积极分子，则还剩下4名党员未安排，如果每组分配5名党员和2名入党积极分子，则还剩下2名党员未安排，问参加理论学习的党员比入党积极分子多多少人？（　）

某加工厂要将一个表面积为384平方厘米的正方体金属原材料切割成体积为8立方厘米的小正方体半成品，如果不计损失，这样的小正方体可以加工的个数为（　）。

一艘船往返于甲乙两港口之间，已知水速为8千米/时，该船从甲到乙需要6小时，从乙返回甲需9小时，问甲乙两港口的距离为多少千米？（　）。

一艘货轮行驶在江面时发现货轮漏水，现在水匀速涌入船内，3人舀水40分钟可以舀完，6人舀水16分钟可以舀完，则5人把水舀完需要（　）分钟。

下面给定的是纸盒外表面的展开图，下列哪一项能由它折叠而成？（　）

从所给的四个选项中，选择最合适的一个填入问号处，使之呈现一定的规律性（　）。

从所给四个选项中，选择最合适的一个填入问号处，使之呈现一定的规律性（　）。

从所给的四个选项中，选择最合适的一个填入问号处，使之呈现一定的规律性（　）。

根据以下图形规律，问号处应填入的是（　）。

小刘、小王、小方三个人中，有一个是眼科医生，一个是口腔科医生，还有一个是皮肤科医生。小方的学历比皮肤科医生高，口腔科医生的学历比小王低，小刘和口腔科医生学历不同。

根据上述情况，可以得出（　）。

需求量总是与价格呈相反方向变化。如果价格变化导致总收入与价格反向变化，那么需求就是有弹性的。在2015年，虽然N大学的学费降低了15%，但是N大学收到的学费总额却比2014年增加了。在这种情况下，对N大学的需求就是有弹性的。

如果以上陈述为真，以下哪项陈述一定真？（　）

美国大律师赫梅尔，在一件赔偿案中代表某保险公司出庭辩护。原告声称他的肩膀被摔下来的升降机轴打伤，至今右臂仍抬不起来。“请给陪审员们看看，你的右臂现在能举多高？”赫梅尔说道。原告慢慢地将手臂举到齐耳的高度，并表现出非常吃力的样子，以示不能再举得更高了。“那么，你在受伤前能举多高呢？”赫梅尔话音刚落，原告不由自主地一下将手臂举过了头顶，引起全庭哄堂大笑。

原告所犯的逻辑错误是（　）。

老王在A市有两套住房，一套自己居住，另一套闲置。老张是老王的朋友，一直居住在B市，现由于工作原因，需要在A市长期租住。老张希望租老王闲置的那套房子，老王说：“我女儿两个月后大学毕业，如果她毕业后不回A市工作生活，我就把房子出租给你。”

下列选项中，哪些为真，可以证明老王没有说真话？（　）

①老王的女儿毕业后留在C市工作生活，老王拒绝把房子租给老张

②老王的女儿毕业后回到A市工作生活，老王把房子租给老张

③老王的女儿毕业后回到A市工作生活，老王拒绝把房子租给老张

可以端菜、扫地、唱歌跳舞，可以跟孩子做游戏、陪老人谈天说地……在本届机器人世界杯上，各式各样的服务机器人成为最吸引眼球的明星。多位业界专家预测，面向家庭和个人的服务机器人，将超越工业机器人，成为下一个爆发式增长的市场。

以下哪项为真，最能质疑上述专家的预测？（　）

2012年第一季度以来，我国移动互联网各子行业中增长最快的是（　）。

下列各季度中，我国移动互联网市场规模环比增加值最大的是（　）。

根据材料中给出的相关数据，2013年第一季度我国移动增值市场规模比移动购物市场规模多（　）亿元。

下列关于我国移动互联网市场的相关说法中，不正确的是（　）。

根据材料相关内容，不能得出以下结论（　）。

截至2014年12月底，全国实有各类市场主体6932.22万户，比上年末增长14.35%，增速较上年同期增加4.02个百分点；注册资本（金）129.23万亿元，比上年末增长27.70%。其中，企业1819.28万户，个体工商户4984.06万户，农民专业合作社128.88万户。

2014年，全国新登记注册市场主体1292.5万户，比上年同期增加160.97万户；注册资本（金）20.66万亿元，比上年同期增加9.66万亿元。其中，企业365.1万户，个体工商户896.45万户，农民农业合作社30.95万户。

2014年，新登记注册现代服务业企业114.10万户，同比增长61.41%。其中，信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业14.67万户，同比增长97.87%；科学研究和技术服务业26.26万户，同比增长70.32%；文化、体育和娱乐业6.59万户，同比增长83.51%；教育业0.68万户，同比增长86.17%。

2014年，新登记注册外商投资企业3.84万户，同比增长5.76%。投资总额2763.31亿美元，同比增长15.05%；注册资本1796.39亿美元，同比增长23.87%。

截至2012年12月底，全国实有各类市场主体户数最接近以下哪个数字？（　）

截至2014年12月底，全国实有各类市场主体6932.22万户，比上年末增长14.35%，增速较上年同期增加4.02个百分点；注册资本（金）129.23万亿元，比上年末增长27.70%。其中，企业1819.28万户，个体工商户4984.06万户，农民专业合作社128.88万户。

2014年，全国新登记注册市场主体1292.5万户，比上年同期增加160.97万户；注册资本（金）20.66万亿元，比上年同期增加9.66万亿元。其中，企业365.1万户，个体工商户896.45万户，农民农业合作社30.95万户。

2014年，新登记注册现代服务业企业114.10万户，同比增长61.41%。其中，信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业14.67万户，同比增长97.87%；科学研究和技术服务业26.26万户，同比增长70.32%；文化、体育和娱乐业6.59万户，同比增长83.51%；教育业0.68万户，同比增长86.17%。

2014年，新登记注册外商投资企业3.84万户，同比增长5.76%。投资总额2763.31亿美元，同比增长15.05%；注册资本1796.39亿美元，同比增长23.87%。

2014年，全国新登记注册市场主体中个体工商户所占比重约为（　）。

截至2014年12月底，全国实有各类市场主体6932.22万户，比上年末增长14.35%，增速较上年同期增加4.02个百分点；注册资本（金）129.23万亿元，比上年末增长27.70%。其中，企业1819.28万户，个体工商户4984.06万户，农民专业合作社128.88万户。

2014年，全国新登记注册市场主体1292.5万户，比上年同期增加160.97万户；注册资本（金）20.66万亿元，比上年同期增加9.66万亿元。其中，企业365.1万户，个体工商户896.45万户，农民农业合作社30.95万户。

2014年，新登记注册现代服务业企业114.10万户，同比增长61.41%。其中，信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业14.67万户，同比增长97.87%；科学研究和技术服务业26.26万户，同比增长70.32%；文化、体育和娱乐业6.59万户，同比增长83.51%；教育业0.68万户，同比增长86.17%。

2014年，新登记注册外商投资企业3.84万户，同比增长5.76%。投资总额2763.31亿美元，同比增长15.05%；注册资本1796.39亿美元，同比增长23.87%。

2014年，以下哪个现代服务业新登记注册企业的户数同比增速最快？（　）

截至2014年12月底，全国实有各类市场主体6932.22万户，比上年末增长14.35%，增速较上年同期增加4.02个百分点；注册资本（金）129.23万亿元，比上年末增长27.70%。其中，企业1819.28万户，个体工商户4984.06万户，农民专业合作社128.88万户。

2014年，全国新登记注册市场主体1292.5万户，比上年同期增加160.97万户；注册资本（金）20.66万亿元，比上年同期增加9.66万亿元。其中，企业365.1万户，个体工商户896.45万户，农民农业合作社30.95万户。

2014年，新登记注册现代服务业企业114.10万户，同比增长61.41%。其中，信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业14.67万户，同比增长97.87%；科学研究和技术服务业26.26万户，同比增长70.32%；文化、体育和娱乐业6.59万户，同比增长83.51%；教育业0.68万户，同比增长86.17%。

2014年，新登记注册外商投资企业3.84万户，同比增长5.76%。投资总额2763.31亿美元，同比增长15.05%；注册资本1796.39亿美元，同比增长23.87%。

2014年，新登记注册外商投资企业户均注册资本约比上年同期增长（　）。

截至2014年12月底，全国实有各类市场主体6932.22万户，比上年末增长14.35%，增速较上年同期增加4.02个百分点；注册资本（金）129.23万亿元，比上年末增长27.70%。其中，企业1819.28万户，个体工商户4984.06万户，农民专业合作社128.88万户。

2014年，全国新登记注册市场主体1292.5万户，比上年同期增加160.97万户；注册资本（金）20.66万亿元，比上年同期增加9.66万亿元。其中，企业365.1万户，个体工商户896.45万户，农民农业合作社30.95万户。

2014年，新登记注册现代服务业企业114.10万户，同比增长61.41%。其中，信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业14.67万户，同比增长97.87%；科学研究和技术服务业26.26万户，同比增长70.32%；文化、体育和娱乐业6.59万户，同比增长83.51%；教育业0.68万户，同比增长86.17%。

2014年，新登记注册外商投资企业3.84万户，同比增长5.76%。投资总额2763.31亿美元，同比增长15.05%；注册资本1796.39亿美元，同比增长23.87%。

能够从上述资料中推出的是（　）。

中国建设银行的主要经营领域包括（　）。

下列不属于中国建设银行宣传口号的是（　）。

公共物品的市场需求曲线是消费者个人需求曲线的（　）。

“修养的基础是内心对话，人在这种对话中既是自己的原告，又是自己的辩护士和法官。”这句话旨在说明（　）。

企业的在建工程在达到预定可使用状态前所取得的收入，应当（　）。

下列各选项中，属于中央银行资产负债表中的负债的是（　）。

一个B网络的子网掩码为255.255.224.0，则这个网络被划分成了（　）个子网。

根据《票法》的规定，我国目前尚不允许流通使用的票据是（　）。

某企业现在的流动比率为2:1，下列哪项经济业务会引起该比率降低？（　）

政府在控制通货膨胀时，如果采取紧缩性经济政策，将使（　）两项宏观经济政策目标之间出现矛盾。

反映一定时期一个国家或地区与其他国家或地区之间的全部经济交易流量情况的是（　）。

下列关于表外业务的说法错误的是（　）。

某人拟进行一项投资，希望进行该项投资后每年都可以获得1000元的收入，年收益率为10%，则目前的投资额应是（　）元。

一个企业在（　）的情况下应该关门。

工资率提高对劳动力供给产生的收入效应导致（　）。

在Windows中，全/半角状态转换的组合键是（　）。

根据《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》，经营者在消费者明确表示拒绝的情况下不得向其发送商业性信息，这属于经营者的（　）的义务。

宪法作为一国的根本法，具有至高无上的地位。新中国成立后，先后共制定颁布了4部宪法，现行宪法是（　）。

关于劳动关系的说法，正确的是（　）。

根据我国《公司法》，有限责任公司监事的任期为每届（　）年。

下列企业人力资源计划类型中，将目标定位改善员工知识技能和工作作风的是（　）。

2015年8月19日，国务院总理李克强主持召开国务院常务会议，会议决定从2015年10月1日起到2017年年底，依法将减半征收企业所得税的小微企业范围，由年应纳税所得额20万元以内（含20万元）扩大到30万元以内（含30万元）。对于此次税收政策调整，其合理的传导顺序应该是（　）。

（1）企业的自主创业积极性提高

（2）缓解经济下行压力

（3）更多小微企业享受税收优惠

（4）投资需求释放

在国际收支调节政策的国际协调中，属于国际货币基金协定规定的原则是（　）。

为促进房地产市场健康发展，央行与银监会于2015年9月30日联合发文，在不实施限购的城市，对居民家庭首次购买住房的商业性个人住房贷款，最低首付款比例调整为不低于25%。降低房地产贷款的首付比例，属于货币政策工具中的（　）。

下列关于金融工具和金融市场的叙述错误的是（　）。

某企业只生产和销售甲产品，2013年4月初，在产品成本为3.5万元。4月份发生如下费用，生产消耗材料6万元，生产工人工资2万元，行政管理部门人员工资1.5万元，制造费用1万元。月末在产品成本3万元，该企业4月份完工甲产品的生产成本为（　）万元。

债务人将债务的全部或部分转移给第三人的，根据《合同法》的规定，正确的做法是（　）。

某银行行长李闯出差两个星期后回到支行，许多中层干部及办公人员马上就围拢过来。有人向李行长汇报近日工作进展情况，有人向李行长请求下一步的指示，还有人向李行长反映支行内外环境中的竞争动态。根据这种情况，你认为下述说法中哪一种最恰当地反映了该支行的组织与领导特征？（　）

在TCP/IP协议族中，TCP和UDP端口的类型不包括（　）。

下列关于金融工具和金融市场的说法错误的是（　）。

近期，四川省国家安全机关破获境外间谍策反案件，在抓获的四名危害国家安全的人员中，有两人是90后。目前80、90后已成为我国网民的主体，由于涉世不深、防范意识薄弱等因素，被境外间谍情报机关利用策反的案件呈逐年上升的趋势。根据2015年7月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国国家安全法》，下列属于公民和组织应当履行维护国家安全的义务的是（　）。

在完全竞争市场下，某厂商的需求函数和供给函数分别为Q＝5000－200P和Q＝4000＋300P。以下说法正确的是（　）。

为了调节国际收支顺差，一国可以采取的政策有（　）。

根据《会计从业资格管理办法》的规定，从事（　）工作的人员，必须取得会计从业资格、持有会计从业资格证书。

目前，中国建设银行公布的大额存款利率的外币币种包括（　）。

局域网的限制因素有（　）。

继2013年上海自由贸易服务区设立以来，2015年我国又新设了广东、天津、福建自由贸易区。下列选项中，对我国设立自由贸易区的作用描述正确的有（　）。

下列关于冯·诺依曼体系结构，正确的有（　）。

常见的计算机网络设备有（　）。

物联网关键技术的薄弱点有（　）。

商业银行贷款按其信贷资金的来源可划分为（　）。

云计算的特点有（　）。

关于公平和效率的关系，下列说法中正确的有（　）。

李某与用人单位发生争议，在人民调解委员会主持下达成了调解协议。如用人单位不履行该调解协议，李某可就（　）事项向人民法院申请支付令。

现在我国银行基本开立的信用证业务种类有（　）。

Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more. Each of these costs must bring in some profit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs (and built in profits) into consideration. The selling price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost.

The markup may be quite high, 90 percent of cost, or it may be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink coats have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits.

While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers.

Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The products so priced are called loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them. The profits are made from other products people buy while in the store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, has no intention of selling goods at the bait prices. The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inferiority of the low priced item. Then a higher priced item is presented as a better alternative.

A common retail tactic is odd priced products. For some products of $300, the store will set the price at $295 or $299.95 to give the appearance of a lower price. Automobiles and other high priced products are usually priced in this manner. For some reason $7995 has more appeal to a potential car customer than $8000.

Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the awarding of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidder wins. A school system may want to buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerations of quality and service.

In the first paragraph, "markup" most probably means_____.

Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more. Each of these costs must bring in some profit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs (and built in profits) into consideration. The selling price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost.

The markup may be quite high, 90 percent of cost, or it may be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink coats have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits.

While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers.

Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The products so priced are called loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them. The profits are made from other products people buy while in the store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, has no intention of selling goods at the bait prices. The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inferiority of the low priced item. Then a higher priced item is presented as a better alternative.

A common retail tactic is odd priced products. For some products of $300, the store will set the price at $295 or $299.95 to give the appearance of a lower price. Automobiles and other high priced products are usually priced in this manner. For some reason $7995 has more appeal to a potential car customer than $8000.

Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the awarding of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidder wins. A school system may want to buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerations of quality and service.

The second paragraph most probably implies_____.

Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more. Each of these costs must bring in some profit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs (and built in profits) into consideration. The selling price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost.

The markup may be quite high, 90 percent of cost, or it may be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink coats have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits.

While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers.

Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The products so priced are called loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them. The profits are made from other products people buy while in the store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, has no intention of selling goods at the bait prices. The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inferiority of the low priced item. Then a higher priced item is presented as a better alternative.

A common retail tactic is odd priced products. For some products of $300, the store will set the price at $295 or $299.95 to give the appearance of a lower price. Automobiles and other high priced products are usually priced in this manner. For some reason $7995 has more appeal to a potential car customer than $8000.

Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the awarding of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidder wins. A school system may want to buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerations of quality and service.

In a department store, the purpose of prestige pricing_____.

Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more. Each of these costs must bring in some profit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs (and built in profits) into consideration. The selling price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost.

The markup may be quite high, 90 percent of cost, or it may be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink coats have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits.

While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers.

Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The products so priced are called loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them. The profits are made from other products people buy while in the store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, has no intention of selling goods at the bait prices. The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inferiority of the low priced item. Then a higher priced item is presented as a better alternative.

A common retail tactic is odd priced products. For some products of $300, the store will set the price at $295 or $299.95 to give the appearance of a lower price. Automobiles and other high priced products are usually priced in this manner. For some reason $7995 has more appeal to a potential car customer than $8000.

Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the awarding of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidder wins. A school system may want to buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerations of quality and service.

Odd-pricing method _____.

Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more. Each of these costs must bring in some profit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs (and built in profits) into consideration. The selling price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost.

The markup may be quite high, 90 percent of cost, or it may be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink coats have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits.

While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers.

Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The products so priced are called loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them. The profits are made from other products people buy while in the store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, has no intention of selling goods at the bait prices. The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inferiority of the low priced item. Then a higher priced item is presented as a better alternative.

A common retail tactic is odd priced products. For some products of $300, the store will set the price at $295 or $299.95 to give the appearance of a lower price. Automobiles and other high priced products are usually priced in this manner. For some reason $7995 has more appeal to a potential car customer than $8000.

Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the awarding of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidder wins. A school system may want to buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerations of quality and service.

In a bidding transaction,_____.

Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.

This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientist as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independent of any course-simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.

We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contributions, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.

We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn't take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.

According to the passage, "scientific subculture" means_____.

Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.

This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientist as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independent of any course-simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.

We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contributions, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.

We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn't take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.

We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because_____.

Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.

This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientist as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independent of any course-simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.

We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contributions, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.

We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn't take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.

The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who _____.

Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.

This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientist as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independent of any course-simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.

We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contributions, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.

We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn't take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.

According to this passage,_____.

Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.

This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientist as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independent of any course-simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.

We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contributions, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.

We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn't take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.

This passage most probably is_____.

Gross National Happiness

In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could hot read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.

King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross National Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country's progress by people's happiness. If the people's happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).

GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.

Now, these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditionl clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.

Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures and land.

Brazil may be the best country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?_____

Gross National Happiness

In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could hot read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.

King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross National Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country's progress by people's happiness. If the people's happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).

GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.

Now, these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditionl clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.

Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures and land.

Brazil may be the best country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?_____

Gross National Happiness

In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could hot read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.

King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross National Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country's progress by people's happiness. If the people's happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).

GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.

Now, these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditionl clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.

Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures and land.

Brazil may be the best country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

A country shows its progress with GNP by_____.

Gross National Happiness

In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could hot read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.

King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross National Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country's progress by people's happiness. If the people's happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).

GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.

Now, these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditionl clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.

Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures and land.

Brazil may be the best country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

According to GNH, people are happier if they_____.

Gross National Happiness

In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could hot read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.

King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross National Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country's progress by people's happiness. If the people's happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).

GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.

Now, these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditionl clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.

Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures and land.

Brazil may be the best country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

Today, many countries are_____.