纵观世界范围内的装饰艺术，每个国家都有其自身传统的经典装饰绘画门类。我们都知道埃及绘画中那_____的人物造型和姿态：侧面的头、四肢，正面的身体，还有动物和花卉的形态。在埃及绘画中，没有一样东西使人感觉没有计划，没有一样东西似乎可以挪动位置。就是这种_____的秩序感，使埃及人把形式美发挥到了极致。

在行业的发展过程中，行业协会起着_____的作用。它既可以跟消费者对话，也可以跟政府对话，制定行业规则，清除行业当中的_____，还可以在行业出现危机的时候，帮助行业。
依次填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是（　）

自然界的各种物种之间，都有着_____的联系，共同编织着错综复杂的生物链条。每一根链条的断裂，都会或多或少地影响到整个生态系统的平衡，进而可能招致一些未知的灾难。生活在这个_____的世界，每一个物种都有着它独有的_____，不要等到它成了稀有物种才想着去保护。
依次填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是（　）。

倘若“创新”是经济增长的动力，它需要这样的经济制度支持：保护私人财产，有一个公正的法律系统，又能提供健全的公共服务，让人们感到安全，能自由地展开竞争。这是一种所谓的“包容性经济制度”，它将鼓励人群广泛地加入到经济活动里，激发他们的创造力。反之则是一种“攫取型经济制度”，经济机会被一小群人掌握，他们牺牲掉大部分人的利益来满足自己的需求。
这段文字主要介绍了（　）。

一声“干妈”不到两千块的床垫卖到一万三千八，如此推销，老太太还照样心疼“干闺女”，为她打掩护、做辩解。就赖老人糊涂吗？不尽然。推销者卖的就是床垫吗？不全是。公司一句口号暴露玄机：“代天下儿女尽孝。”说是“代尽孝”，其实在骗钱，这样的公司涉嫌欺诈。然而，老年人情感上的需求却是真的。不讳言地说，老年人心灵上的这片空洞，就是骗子屡屡得逞的命门。有的老人识不破，有的则是有些明白了，却仍迷恋这种虚幻的亲近感，不愿意从梦里头醒过来，而这愈显悲哀。
与原文主旨不相符的一项是（　）。

在市场经济环境下，企业要生存发展，就必须和对手展开竞争，企业间竞争时刻都在进行，不可避免。竞争是激发企业活力的催化剂，没有竞争，企业就会失去发展的动力和前进的方向。但竞争要讲究策略，体现智慧，不能逞匹夫之勇，不能没有尺度，更不能失去底线。像泼妇那样的骂街，不仅让企业家斯文扫地，更成为社会嘲笑的对象。没有哪家企业能够靠恶意攻击对手来成就自身的伟大。
这段文字意在说明的是（　）。

阁下的口才纵使可斡旋于元老院的众位元老之中，为生存计，眼下却只能屈尊当一名化妆品推销员；出众的将才也只能在棋盘上略略施展，或更糟；将漂流长江、壮行西域的雄心转化为麻将桌上的一碰一杠之中；大量的卡夫卡们龟缩在办公室里，成为丧失飞行能力的穴鸟；一张杂七杂八的晚报遮蔽了城市的黄昏；若干个电视频道抚慰着人心的不平；层出不穷的电脑软件帮助精力充沛的少男少女宣泄过剩的欲望；而浩渺无边的互联网络甚至已使人丧失承认“生有涯而学无涯”的勇气。
这段文字的主要观点是（　）

①到了今天，海草房主要集中分布于威海下属的荣成市

②胶东地区多产山石和海藻，夏季多雨潮湿，冬季多雪寒冷

③海草房的确切产生时间无法考证

④这种产生于胶东地区的特色民居，曾广泛分布在烟台、威海、青岛地区

⑤在这种地理环境和气候条件下，当地居民以厚石砌屋墙，用晒干的海藻盖屋顶，创造出了独特的海草房民居

⑥元、明、清三代，山东沿海的海防建设日趋巩固，海草房迎来了建设高峰期

将以上6个句子重新排列，语序正确的是（　）。

①谣言止于智者，粉碎谣言靠的还是民众自身的审慎与理性

②流通的信息不仅要多，更要有质量

③一个信息自由流动的社会，会内生出强大的信息鉴别机制

④信息够不够有说服力，不是权力可以命令的

⑤消除谣言的最好方式并非杀鸡儆猴式的惩罚，而是保证提供充分信息

⑥一万个流言也抵不上一个权威的信息，虚假信息反令民众茫然失措

以上6个句子重新排列，语序正确的是（　）

下列各句中，没有语病的一句是（　）。

青海湖的湟鱼是味道鲜美的鱼，近年来由于自然环境的恶化和人类的过度捕捞，数量大为减少，成了珍稀动物。凡是珍稀动物都是需要保护的动物。
如果以上陈述为真，以下陈述都必然为真，除了（　）。

吸烟有害健康是众所周知的说法，如何在烟盒上做出恰当的警示，从而有效降低人们尤其是青少年的吸烟欲望，却很不容易。加拿大规定，每一条香烟都必须从政府规定的16种警示语中选择至少6种，并且要经常更换；最好不用大字标题，不得出现“禁止向未成年人销售”字句。
这种做法是以下面哪项为前提假设的？（　）
Ⅰ.用语气生硬的大字标题容易引起青少年的逆反心理
Ⅱ.“禁止向未成年人销售”字句会被青少年认为“香烟是成年人的专用品”而更加起劲地尝试
Ⅲ.过分强调吸烟有害健康会引起烟草企业的反对
Ⅳ.警示语经常更换以免被当成老生常谈或出现过期消息

某著名画家新近谈到：我年纪大了，却整天忙活，没时间去想死，也没心思去想。再说了，死就死呗，又不是只有我一个人死，别人都不死。李白死了，苏东坡死了，曹雪芹也死了，也没怎么样，只不过后人在读他们的作品而已。
从该画家的话中，只能合乎逻辑地推出下面哪项陈述？（　）

飞鸟的集体自杀，是大自然的一个难解之谜。当今一个通行的说法是：鸟类集体自杀，主要是地球磁极的移动使它们看不准目标。
以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述观点？（　）

某市居民用电的价格一直偏低，该市准备实行居民用电阶梯调价方案，即当电量消耗高于当地平均水平一定幅度后按“二档”“三档”等加价收费，有关人士认为该办法将对节约用电产生重大的促进作用。
以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述人士的观点？（　）

把下面六个图形分为两类，使得每一类图形都有各自的共同特征或规律，分类正确的一项是（　）。

从所给的四个选项中，选择最合适的一个填入问号处，使之呈现一定的规律性（　）。

从所给的四个选项中，选择最合适的一个填入问号处，使整个大图形呈现一定的规律性。（　）

最近上映了一部很受欢迎的电影，小刘购买了4张座位连在一起的电影票，邀请小马、小杨、小廖一同去观看。四人各自随机拿了一张电影票，此时他们分别猜了一下座位情况：
小刘说：“我好像是坐在小马旁边。”
小马说：“我的左手边不是小刘就是小杨。”
小杨说：“我肯定是坐在小廖旁边。”
小廖说：“小刘应该是坐在我的左手边。”
假如他们四人都猜错了，那么他们面向银幕从左到右的正确座位可能是（　）。

某日，甲校买了63千克水果糖，每千克8元。过了几日，乙学校也需要买同样的63千克水果糖，不过正好赶上促销活动，每千克水果糖降价0.63元，而且只要买水果糖都会额外赠送5%同样的水果糖，那么乙学校比甲学校少花（　）。

A、B两个仓库分别存放有8台和12台挖掘机，现需要往C工地和D工地各运10台挖掘机。A仓库到C工地的运输费用为600元/台，到D工地的费用为900元/台；B仓库到C工地的运输费用为400元/合，到D工地的费用为800元/台。问要将20台挖掘机运到两个工地，至少需要花运输费（　）元。

一个圆形牧场面积为3平方公里，牧民骑马以每小时18公里的速度围着牧场外沿巡视一圈，约需多少分钟？（　）

1，5，14，32，（　）。

2，3，7，34，50，175，（　）。

根据以下资料，回答下列小题。

2012年年末全国公路总里程达423.76万千米，比上年末增加13.11万千米。公路密度为44.14千米/百平方千米，比上年末提高1.37千米/百平方千米。按行政等级划分：国道17.34万千米、省道31.21万千米、县道53.95万千米、乡道107.67万千米、专用公路7.37万千米、村道206.22万千米，比上年末分别增加0.40万千米、0.80万千米、0.59万千米、1.07万千米、0.47万千米和9.78万千米。国道中，国家高速公路6.80万千米，普通国道10.54万千米。按技术等级划分，等级公路为全国四级以上公路（含高速），等级公路里程360.97万千米，比上年末增加15.60万千米。等级公路占公路总里程的85.2%，比上年末提高1.1个百分点，其中，与上年相比，二级及以上公路里程增加2.83万千米。

2011年年末，公路密度为多少千米/百平方千米？（　）

根据以下资料，回答下列小题。

2012年年末全国公路总里程达423.76万千米，比上年末增加13.11万千米。公路密度为44.14千米/百平方千米，比上年末提高1.37千米/百平方千米。按行政等级划分：国道17.34万千米、省道31.21万千米、县道53.95万千米、乡道107.67万千米、专用公路7.37万千米、村道206.22万千米，比上年末分别增加0.40万千米、0.80万千米、0.59万千米、1.07万千米、0.47万千米和9.78万千米。国道中，国家高速公路6.80万千米，普通国道10.54万千米。按技术等级划分，等级公路为全国四级以上公路（含高速），等级公路里程360.97万千米，比上年末增加15.60万千米。等级公路占公路总里程的85.2%，比上年末提高1.1个百分点，其中，与上年相比，二级及以上公路里程增加2.83万千米。

2012年年末，国道、省道及县道占全国公路总里程的比重约为（　）。

根据以下资料，回答下列小题。

2012年年末全国公路总里程达423.76万千米，比上年末增加13.11万千米。公路密度为44.14千米/百平方千米，比上年末提高1.37千米/百平方千米。按行政等级划分：国道17.34万千米、省道31.21万千米、县道53.95万千米、乡道107.67万千米、专用公路7.37万千米、村道206.22万千米，比上年末分别增加0.40万千米、0.80万千米、0.59万千米、1.07万千米、0.47万千米和9.78万千米。国道中，国家高速公路6.80万千米，普通国道10.54万千米。按技术等级划分，等级公路为全国四级以上公路（含高速），等级公路里程360.97万千米，比上年末增加15.60万千米。等级公路占公路总里程的85.2%，比上年末提高1.1个百分点，其中，与上年相比，二级及以上公路里程增加2.83万千米。

2012年年末，等级公路里程约是等外公路里程的多少倍？（　）

根据以下资料，回答下列小题。

2012年年末全国公路总里程达423.76万千米，比上年末增加13.11万千米。公路密度为44.14千米/百平方千米，比上年末提高1.37千米/百平方千米。按行政等级划分：国道17.34万千米、省道31.21万千米、县道53.95万千米、乡道107.67万千米、专用公路7.37万千米、村道206.22万千米，比上年末分别增加0.40万千米、0.80万千米、0.59万千米、1.07万千米、0.47万千米和9.78万千米。国道中，国家高速公路6.80万千米，普通国道10.54万千米。按技术等级划分，等级公路为全国四级以上公路（含高速），等级公路里程360.97万千米，比上年末增加15.60万千米。等级公路占公路总里程的85.2%，比上年末提高1.1个百分点，其中，与上年相比，二级及以上公路里程增加2.83万千米。

2009－2012年，全国公路总里程增速最慢的年份是（　）。

根据以下资料，回答下列小题。

2012年年末全国公路总里程达423.76万千米，比上年末增加13.11万千米。公路密度为44.14千米/百平方千米，比上年末提高1.37千米/百平方千米。按行政等级划分：国道17.34万千米、省道31.21万千米、县道53.95万千米、乡道107.67万千米、专用公路7.37万千米、村道206.22万千米，比上年末分别增加0.40万千米、0.80万千米、0.59万千米、1.07万千米、0.47万千米和9.78万千米。国道中，国家高速公路6.80万千米，普通国道10.54万千米。按技术等级划分，等级公路为全国四级以上公路（含高速），等级公路里程360.97万千米，比上年末增加15.60万千米。等级公路占公路总里程的85.2%，比上年末提高1.1个百分点，其中，与上年相比，二级及以上公路里程增加2.83万千米。

以下说法正确的是（　）。

根据以下资料，回答下列小题。

根据2010年第六次全国人口普查数据显示，东部地区中北京市常住人口为1961.24万人，上海市常住人口为2301.91万人；中部地区中河南省常住人口为9402.36万人，山西省常住人口为3571.21万人；西部地区中重庆市常住人口为2884.62万人，四川省常住人口为8041.82万人。下表是部分地区按迁移原因统计的户口登记地在外省的人口情况。

人口迁移最多的省（直辖市）是（　）。

根据以下资料，回答下列小题。

根据2010年第六次全国人口普查数据显示，东部地区中北京市常住人口为1961.24万人，上海市常住人口为2301.91万人；中部地区中河南省常住人口为9402.36万人，山西省常住人口为3571.21万人；西部地区中重庆市常住人口为2884.62万人，四川省常住人口为8041.82万人。下表是部分地区按迁移原因统计的户口登记地在外省的人口情况。

人口迁移上海的最主要的原因是（　）。

根据以下资料，回答下列小题。

根据2010年第六次全国人口普查数据显示，东部地区中北京市常住人口为1961.24万人，上海市常住人口为2301.91万人；中部地区中河南省常住人口为9402.36万人，山西省常住人口为3571.21万人；西部地区中重庆市常住人口为2884.62万人，四川省常住人口为8041.82万人。下表是部分地区按迁移原因统计的户口登记地在外省的人口情况。

除务工经商原因以外，四川省人口流入的最主要原因是（　）。

根据以下资料，回答下列小题。

根据2010年第六次全国人口普查数据显示，东部地区中北京市常住人口为1961.24万人，上海市常住人口为2301.91万人；中部地区中河南省常住人口为9402.36万人，山西省常住人口为3571.21万人；西部地区中重庆市常住人口为2884.62万人，四川省常住人口为8041.82万人。下表是部分地区按迁移原因统计的户口登记地在外省的人口情况。

下列省（直辖市）中人口流入占常住人口比例最大的是（　）。

根据以下资料，回答下列小题。

根据2010年第六次全国人口普查数据显示，东部地区中北京市常住人口为1961.24万人，上海市常住人口为2301.91万人；中部地区中河南省常住人口为9402.36万人，山西省常住人口为3571.21万人；西部地区中重庆市常住人口为2884.62万人，四川省常住人口为8041.82万人。下表是部分地区按迁移原因统计的户口登记地在外省的人口情况。

下列说法正确的是（　）。

下列（　）情况使总收益增加。

商业银行作为金融中介机构，其经营对象是（　）。

《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》指出，（　）改革是全国深化改革的重点。

一种商品价格下降对其互补品最直接的影响是（　）。

下列不属于新型的业务运营模式优点的是（　）。

下列几项活动中，哪一项不属于管理活动？（　）

同业拆借市场的利率可以反映（　）。

中国银监会对金融机构业务范围进行审批，属于监管措施中的（　）。

禽流感每次发生，与生物疫苗有关的股票就会明显的上涨，这种影响属于（　）

国家货币管理部门或中央银行所规定的利率是（　）。

中日关系在2012年因为钓鱼岛事件而降到了冰点，国人抵制日货的行为也让日本企业在中国蒙受了巨大的损失。下列说法正确的是（　）。

下列说法中错误的是（　）

外贸依存度是一个经济分析指标，一般分为决定因素和影响因素，属于影响因素的是（　）。

拘役是我国刑罚的一种，犯罪分子被判处拘役的期限是（　）。

下面不属于喀斯特地貌的是（　）

按销售量定价的价格歧视称为（　）。

在现代企业制度中，建立科学的法人治理结构的核心是（　）。

下列说法错误的是（　）

以下关于劣等品的收入效应表述正确的是（　）。

会计的基本职能是（　）。

“天下虽安，忘战必危”是我国古代著名的军事思想，充满着朴素的辩证智慧，下列体现的哲学思想与这句话相同的是（　）

一个汉字的机内码是B0A1H，那么它的国标码是（　）。

信用标准是客户获得企业商业信用所具备的最低条件，通常表示为（　）。

在晴朗的天气里，当乌苏里江上迎来日出，此时在我国星斗满天的地区是（　）

下列部件中不属于输入设备的是（　）。

战略性人力资源管理的重要原则是（　）。

（　）没有权力制定规章。

在中文Windows XP默认状态下，为实现中文与西文输入方式的切换，应按的键是（　）。

在Excel中，下列运算符（　）可将两个单元格中的字符或字符串连接起来。

行政诉讼强制执行的主体是（　）

《史记》是我国第一部纪传体通史，记载了从黄帝到汉武帝长达三千年的政治、经济、文化的历史。下列（　）成语不是出自《史记》。

以下有关世界贸易组织（WTO）的表述中，不正确的一项是（　）。

法律关系参加者能以自己的行为享有权利和承担义务的资格在法学上称为（　）。

对于各种自救与救人常识，下列说法错误的是（　）。

单位活期存款账户的主办账户是（　），注册验资时开立的账户是（　）。

在我国，专门的法律监督机关是指（　）。

出身布衣、重视经济立法并严惩官员贪污的古代皇帝是（　）。

以下除（　）外，都是自然垄断厂商的特征。

中国第一家全国性的国有股份制商业银行是（　）。

（　）是组成一切能量的最小单元。

人体由80多种元素组成。根据元素在人体内的含量不同，可分为宏量元素和微量元素两大类。凡是占人体总重量的万分之一以上的元素，称为宏量元素；凡是占人体总重量的万分之一以下的元素，称为微量元素。下列元素中，不属于人体微量元素的是（　）。

下列生态现象中，属于水体富营养化造成的是（　）。

人类的主要造血器官是（　）。

下列关于生活常识的说法中，错误的是（　）。

以下生活常识不正确的是（　）。

“纪念毛泽东同志诞辰120周年学术研讨会”的主题为（　）。

2013年，南非自2010年加入“金砖国家”以来首次主办金砖国家峰会，本次金砖国家领导人会晤的主题是（　）。

第21次亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议的主题是（　）。

交通银行致力于推动银行同业间的紧密协作，依托自身广泛的服务网络以及子公司牌照资源，打造了以（　）为主品牌的银银合作品牌体系，以及完善的“1＋4＋N”银银合作产品体系，实现了与银行同业间的资源共用、渠道共通、利益共享的良性合作。

截至2014年年末，交通银行的境外机构有（　）家。

The procurement manager is relieved that the new software he bought will be_____with the existing IT system.

Food products containing chocolate are subject to a _____ of up to 35 percent when imported to Japan.

Unless plenty of visitors express their interests, we may not treat _____ to a supper with the author of this soon-to-be-released book.

Regulation of the money supply and financial markets is referred to as_____.

Students taking the entrance exam are required to provide their student _____ number.

Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more. Each of these costs must bring in some profit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs (and built in profits) into consideration. The selling price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost.

The markup may be quite high, 90 percent of cost, or it may be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink coats have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits.

While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers.

Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The products so priced are called loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them. The profits are made from other products people buy while in the store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, has no intention of selling goods at the bait prices. The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inferiority of the low priced item. Then a higher priced item is presented as a better alternative.

A common retail tactic is odd priced products. For some products of $300, the store will set the price at $295 or $299.95 to give the appearance of a lower price. Automobiles and other high priced products are usually priced in this manner. For some reason $7995 has more appeal to a potential car customer than $8000.

Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the awarding of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidder wins. A school system may want to buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerations of quality and service.

In the first paragraph, “markup” most probably means_____.

Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more. Each of these costs must bring in some profit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs (and built in profits) into consideration. The selling price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost.

The markup may be quite high, 90 percent of cost, or it may be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink coats have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits.

While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers.

Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The products so priced are called loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them. The profits are made from other products people buy while in the store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, has no intention of selling goods at the bait prices. The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inferiority of the low priced item. Then a higher priced item is presented as a better alternative.

A common retail tactic is odd priced products. For some products of $300, the store will set the price at $295 or $299.95 to give the appearance of a lower price. Automobiles and other high priced products are usually priced in this manner. For some reason $7995 has more appeal to a potential car customer than $8000.

Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the awarding of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidder wins. A school system may want to buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerations of quality and service.

The second paragraph most probably implies_____.

Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more. Each of these costs must bring in some profit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs (and built in profits) into consideration. The selling price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost.

The markup may be quite high, 90 percent of cost, or it may be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink coats have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits.

While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers.

Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The products so priced are called loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them. The profits are made from other products people buy while in the store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, has no intention of selling goods at the bait prices. The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inferiority of the low priced item. Then a higher priced item is presented as a better alternative.

A common retail tactic is odd priced products. For some products of $300, the store will set the price at $295 or $299.95 to give the appearance of a lower price. Automobiles and other high priced products are usually priced in this manner. For some reason $7995 has more appeal to a potential car customer than $8000.

Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the awarding of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidder wins. A school system may want to buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerations of quality and service.

In a department store, the purpose of prestige pricing_____.

Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more. Each of these costs must bring in some profit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs (and built in profits) into consideration. The selling price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost.

The markup may be quite high, 90 percent of cost, or it may be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink coats have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits.

While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers.

Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The products so priced are called loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them. The profits are made from other products people buy while in the store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, has no intention of selling goods at the bait prices. The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inferiority of the low priced item. Then a higher priced item is presented as a better alternative.

A common retail tactic is odd priced products. For some products of $300, the store will set the price at $295 or $299.95 to give the appearance of a lower price. Automobiles and other high priced products are usually priced in this manner. For some reason $7995 has more appeal to a potential car customer than $8000.

Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the awarding of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidder wins. A school system may want to buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerations of quality and service.

Odd-pricing method_____.

Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more. Each of these costs must bring in some profit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs (and built in profits) into consideration. The selling price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost.

The markup may be quite high, 90 percent of cost, or it may be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink coats have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits.

While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers.

Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The products so priced are called loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them. The profits are made from other products people buy while in the store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, has no intention of selling goods at the bait prices. The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inferiority of the low priced item. Then a higher priced item is presented as a better alternative.

A common retail tactic is odd priced products. For some products of $300, the store will set the price at $295 or $299.95 to give the appearance of a lower price. Automobiles and other high priced products are usually priced in this manner. For some reason $7995 has more appeal to a potential car customer than $8000.

Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the awarding of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidder wins. A school system may want to buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerations of quality and service.

In a bidding transaction,_____.

Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced still swim as well as ever since. A man when he gets back who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star", remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows： Once we have learned something, additional learning trials（尝试）increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding， and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle，twinkle，little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables（乘法口诀表）are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming（突击学习）for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand， is really necessary for one's future development.

What is the most appropriate title for the passage?（　）

Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced still swim as well as ever since. A man when he gets back who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star", remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows： Once we have learned something, additional learning trials（尝试）increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding， and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle，twinkle，little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables（乘法口诀表）are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming（突击学习）for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand， is really necessary for one's future development.

What is the main idea of Paragraph?（　）
A．People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B．Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D．Stories for children are easy to remember.

Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced still swim as well as ever since. A man when he gets back who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star", remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows： Once we have learned something, additional learning trials（尝试）increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding， and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle，twinkle，little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables（乘法口诀表）are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming（突击学习）for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand， is really necessary for one's future development.

The author explains the law of overlearning by _____.

Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced still swim as well as ever since. A man when he gets back who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star", remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows： Once we have learned something, additional learning trials（尝试）increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding， and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle，twinkle，little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables（乘法口诀表）are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming（突击学习）for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand， is really necessary for one's future development.

According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is _____.

Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced still swim as well as ever since. A man when he gets back who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star", remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows： Once we have learned something, additional learning trials（尝试）increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding， and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle，twinkle，little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables（乘法口诀表）are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming（突击学习）for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand， is really necessary for one's future development.

What is the author's opinion on cramming?（　）